| A | B |
|---|
| autotroph | any organsim capable of self-nourishment by using sunlite, Carbon Dioxide, and water to make sugar using photosynthesis |
| heterotroph | Needs to obtain energy from eating other organisms |
| photosynthesis | The process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Occurs in the Chloroplast |
| cellular respiration | breaking down of glucose to make ATP, cell energy in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells or cytoplasm of prokaryotes |
| ATP | cellular energy; adenosine and three phosphates the energy is released when bonds break |
| chloroplast | a chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cells which converts energy from sunlight into photosynthesis |
| thylakoid | this structure contains chlorophyl in the chloroplast where the light dependant reaction occurs |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast where the light energy is trapped and converted to ATP |
| stroma | the fluid matrix in chloroplast where the calvin cycle occurs. There are also ribosomes and DNA present here |
| mitochondria | breaks down into ATP from glucose in eukaryotic cells |
| cristae | folded inner membrane of the mitochondria where ATP energy is made |
| pigment | an organinc compound that gives characteristic color to plant or animal tissues and is involved in a vital processes. Chlorophyll which gives a green color to plants and hemoglobin, which gives blood its red color, are examples of pigments |
| Accessory Pigment | any pigment in plants that can absorb light energy and pass the electrons along to the primary pigment which starts the process of photosynthesis |
| visible spectrum | the range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that is normally visible from 380 to 760 nm |
| wavelength | the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterized by the same phase of oscillation |
| Photolysis | The splitting of water by light energy |
| electron transport chain | located in chloroplast and mitochondria where H+ drives the formation of ATP |
| chemosynthesis | The process in which bacteria (anerobic) make ATP in the absence of oxygen and without a mitochondria |
| calvin cycle | carbon fixation occurs in stroma of chloroplast where CO2 is converted to sugar by photosynthesis. It is also called the light independent reaction |
| carbon fixation | Carbon dioxide is split into carbon and oxygen and the carbon is fixed by the calvin cycle into glucose |
| glycolysis | The series of reactions where sugar is broken down in the cytoplasm of a cell into pyruvate. Yeilds 2 ATP. |
| krebs cycle | The second stage of cellular respiration where a series of enzymatic reactions occur where H+ are produced for the electron transport chain. Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria |
