| A | B |
|---|
| Phyla that belong to the Animal Kingdom | Invertebrates & Vertebrates |
| do not have a "backbone" or a notochord or a spinal cord | Invertebrates |
| have a "backbone" | Vertebrates |
| chordata | another name for animals that have a notochord |
| *not* a characteristic of animals | autotrophic (makes its own food) |
| tissues that develop from the endoderm | digestive system |
| mesoderm-lined body cavity found in some invertebrates | coelom |
| the first known animals to show bilateral symmetry | flatworms |
| external skeleton | exoskeleton |
| first segmented animals | annelids |
| ectoderm | forms skin and body coverings, and gave rise to the nervous system |
| Cambrian Explosion | gave rise to many different kinds of animals |
| body plan | way in which organs & tissues are organized to produce animals |
| common ancestors of all multi-cellular organisms had this | 2 distinct cell layers separated by a middle jelly layer |
| segments | body compartments that repeat parts of an animal |
| increase body size of animal, and eventually evolved into different organs | segments |
| cephalization | an animal who has developed a front end enough to be called a head |
| centralization | nerve cells are more concentrated into bundles to form nerve cords |
| bilateral symmetry | animals with left and right sides that are identical |
| mollusks | clams, snails, squid, octopus |
| skeleton located within the body | endoskeleton |
| invertebrate chordates | show a link between land animals with backbones and ancient ancestors in the sea |
| radial symmetry | body parts that repeat around the center of an organism |
| example of radial symmetry | starfish |
| example of bilateral symmetry | frog |
| example of no symmetry | sponge (invertebrate) |
| open circulatory system | blood from the heart is not entirely contained in blood vessels |
| closed circulatory system | blood is contained inside blood vessels which passes through parts of the body and back to the heart again |
| extracellular digestion | digestion takes place outside the cells |
| intracellular digestion | digestion takes place inside the cell |
| digested products are absorbed into blood vessels | extracellular digestion |
| sponges digest this way | intracellular digestion |
| lungfish | is capable of breathing in and out of water |
| Aves | a sub class of repltilians |
| all invertebrates are capable of this | sexual reproduction |
| *all* vertebrates do this | sexually reproduce |
| usually reproduce using external fertilization | Amphibians |
| usually reproduce using internal fertilization | Reptiles |
| living vertebrates without jaws (jawless) | hagfish & lampreys |
| have cartilage but not bone | Chondrichthyes |
| bony fishes | Osteichthyes |
| birds | Aves |
| lizards and snakes | Squamata |
| means "warm blooded" | endothermic (examples of endoderms: mammals, birds) |
| newts and salamanders | Urodela |
| frogs and toads | Anura |
| crocodiles, alligators and caimans | Crocodilia |
| mammals that lay eggs | Monotremes |
| mammals that give birth to fully developed young | Placental mammals |
| mammals whose embryos are born alive then crawl into a pouch to finish development | Marsupials |
| mammary glands | enable females to nourish their young with milk |
| characterized by the presence of hair and mammary glands | mammals |
| cannot make their own body heat (need the sun) | ectotherms (example: reptiles) |
| about 40% of mammalian species are of this order | rodents (rodentia) |
| bats, whales, tigers | examples of mammals |
| tetrapods | 4-legged mammals |
| notochord | A flexible rodlike structure that forms the main support of the body in all chordates during some stage of their development. In vertebrates, the notochord develops into a true backbone in the embryonic phase. |
| animals with a notochord (invertebrate chordates) | lancelets, sea squirts |
| invertebrate chordates | lack a vertebral column |
| lamprey, hagfish | examples of Jawless fish |
| coelom | a fluid-filled body cavity that protects the organs inside the body; it is completely lined by tissue created from the mesoderm |
| porifera | invertebrates such as sponges |
| cnidarians | invertebrates such as jellyfish and hydra |
| platyhelminthes | invertebrates such as flatworms and tapeworms |
| nematoda | invertebrates such as hookworms |
| annelida | invertebrates such as earth worms |
| arthropods | invertebrates such as insects and crustaceans |
| echinoderms | invertebrates such as starfish |
| mollusks | invertebrates such as octopi, squid, clams, and snails |
