| A | B |
|---|
| What is meiosis? | 1 diploid cell, 4 haploid cells, divides homologues chromosomes, and sister chromatids |
| What are the stages of meiosis? | PMAT PMAT 2 |
| What happens in each stage? | Prophase I-nuclear membrane breaks down, Metaphase I-spindle fibers line up, Anaphase I-homologous chromosomes split, Telophase I-cytokinesis, Prophase II-centrosomes move apart, Metaphase II-spindle fibers align, Anaphase II-sister chromosomes split, and Telophase II- cytokinesis |
| Who is the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What organisms did he study? | pea plants |
| What is an allele? | Alternative forms of genes |
| Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype. | Genotype is genes and inner processes; phenotype is outer appearance |
| What do the terms heterozygous and homozygous mean? | heter is different alleles; homo is the same |
| What do the terms purebred and cross mean? | cross is an Rr; purebred is RR |
| What is a monohybrid cross and what does it look like?? | process examining inheritance in genes. it is a 4 square Punnet square. |
| What is a dihybrid cross and what does it look like? | Examines inheritance of 2 traits, 16 squared Punnet square. |
| Explain dominant and recessive | Dominant is the most likely or favored allele; recessive is the one that is least likely to show or less common. must have 2 copies to be expressed |
| What genotype do you use for a testcross and why? | Unknown/the recessive must be homozygous. |
| What is incomplete dominance? | Hetero is between 2 homozygous phenotypes. |
| What is co-dominance? | Both traits are fully and separately expressed. |
| What is DNA and RNA? | Genetic material; transmission of genetic info and protein. |
| How are DNA and RNA similar? | Both carry genetic info/building blocks=phosphate group-bases ACG. |
| How are DNA and RNA different? | RNA is single stranded, ribose, and in/out of nucleus; DNA-double stranded, deoxyribose, and in nucleus only. |
| What shape is DNA? | double helix |
| What is the name of the male and female gamete? | sperm and egg |
| Who discovered the shape of DNA? | Watson and Crick |
| What is the central dogma? | Information flows in one direction from DNA-RNA-Proteins. |
| Explain Replication, Transcription, and Translation. | Replication-copying DNA in nucleus; Transcription-DNA to RNA in nucleus; Translation-RNA to protein in ribosome. |
| What are the base pair rules? | A pairs with T; C pairs with G. |
| Explain condon and anti-codon. | Condon-3 nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. Anti-condon-set of 3 nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon. |
| What is a species? | Group of organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding and produce fertile offspring. |
| What are 2 forms of population samples that we talked about? What would each be used for? | Quadrat samples-immobile populations/plants; Mark and recapture-mobile populations/animals |
| What is biodiversity? | Variety of life in an area. |
| What is photosynthesis? | Process by which plants make chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. |
| Where do nearly all organisms get their energy, either directly or non-directly? | Sun |
| What is a habitat? | Where an organism lives. |
| Explain organism, population, ecosystem, biome, and community. | Organism-individual; Population-all of one species in an area; Ecosystem-living and non-living things in an area; biome-all similar ecosystems; Community-all living things in an area. |
| Explain herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and decomposer. | Eats plants; eats meat; eats both plants & animals; eats dead things. |
| Where do animals get their scientific name: | genus and species |
| Which level of taxonomy shows the closest relationship? | Species |
| What is the difference between learned and innate behavior? | Innate behavior-present at birth; Learned-developed over time through observation. |
