| A | B |
|---|
| George Washington | commander-in-chief during the American Revolution, President of the Philadelphia Convention, first President under the Constitution |
| Thomas Paine | author of the famous pamphlet, Common Sense, that agrued for American independence |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence, first Secretary of State, led the Dem-Rep party, favored strong state gov'ts and strict interpretation of the Constitution, wrote the Kentucky Resolutions, sent Lewis and Clark |
| James Madison | known as the "Father of the Constitution", wrote the Bill of Rights, wrote the Virginia Resolutions, was President during the War of 1812 |
| Alexander Hamilton | first Secretary of the Treasury, led the Federalist Party, favored loose interpretation of the Constitution and created the Bank of the United States |
| Lewis and Clark | explored the Louisiana Purchase, kept maps and journals and later published them creating a strong interest in the West |
| Andrew Jackson | hero of the Battle of New Orleans, became President, favored the Indian Removal Act, killed the Bank of the United States, and opposed John C. Calhoun over the tariff issue in 1832 |
| John Quincy Adams | Secretary of State who wrote the Monroe Doctrine that closed the Western Hemisphere to further colonization |
| Henry Clay | War Hawk and nationalist who proposed the American System and became known as the "Great Compromiser" for the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise Tariff of 1833, and the Compromise of 1850 |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin and developed the concept of interchangeable parts |
| John C. Calhoun | leading spokesman for southern rights and nullification who opposed the Tariff of Abominations and the Compromise of 1850 |
| William Lloyd Garrison | radical abolitionist who was the editor of The Liberator |
| James K. Polk | president who supported manifest destiny by getting Oregon through a treaty, and who fought a war with Mexico to get California |
| Stephen A. Douglas | Senator from Illinois who supported popular sovereignty, pushed the Compromise of 1850 through Congress, wrote the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and ran for President in 1860 |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote the novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin, as a protest against the Fugitive Slave Act |
| John Brown | radical abolitionist who led raids at Pottawatomie Creek in Kansas, and Harpers Ferry, Va. |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican who opposed the expansion of slavery, was elected President in 1860, issued the Emancipation Proclamation, and was president during most of the Civil War |
| Robert E. Lee | commander of the Confederate Army who was a brillant strategist, but eventually was forced to surrender at Appomatox Court House |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union general who used a war of attrition to defeat Gen. Lee and force his surrender at Appomattox Court House |
| Andrew Johnson | became President after Lincoln's assassination. He opposed the Radical Republicans, was impeached, but not convicted |
| Thomas Edison | famous technologist and inventor who improved the light bulb and invented the phonograph |
| Andrew Carnegie | Scottish immigrant who became a business leader in the steel industry |
| John D. Rockefeller | business leader who created the Standard Oil Trust |
| Jane Addams | social worker and humanitarian who founded Hull House in Chicago to help immigrants adjust to life in America |
| Samuel Gompers | labor leader who was president of the American Federation of Labor for many years |
| Eugene V. Debs | labor leader who founded the American Railway Union and later became a Socialist leader and candidate for President |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Progressive President who had the Square Deal reform program, busted "bad" monopolies, supported conservation, gained the right to build the Panama Canal, and wrote the Roosevelt Corollary |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraker who wrote The Jungle which led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act |
| Woodrow Wilson | Progressive Democrat who served as President and who had a reform program called the New Freedom that lowered the tariff, established the Federal Reserve System, and passed the Clayton Antitrust Act |
