| A | B |
|---|
| Population size | the number of individuals an area contains |
| Population density | how crowded a population is in a specific area |
| Population Dispersion | the spatial distribution of individual organisms within the population. |
| Birth Rate | the number of births in a recorded period of time |
| Death Rate | the number of deaths in a recorded period of time |
| Immigration | the movement of individuals into a population, this and birth ADDS to the population |
| Emigration | the movement of individuals out of a population, this and death SUBTRACTS from the population |
| Birth Rate-Death Rate= | =Growth Rate |
| limiting factor | all the populations are limited by their environment, the factor that restrains the growth of the populations is a limiting factor. |
| Predator/Prey | the predator captures, kills, and consumes another individual, which is the prey |
| Mimicry | a harmless species resembles a poisonous or distasteful species. |
| Plants/herbivores | herbivores are animals that live off plants |
| Parasites | feeds off another individual known as the host |
| Competition | results from fundamental niche overlap, is the use of the same limited resource between two or more species |
| Mutualisms | a cooperative relationship in which both species derive some benefit |
| Commensalisms | interaction in which one species benefits and the other is not affected. |
| Primary succession | development of a community in an area that has not supported life previously. |
| Secondary succession | is the sequential replacement of species that follows disruption of an existing community |
| Producers | autotrophs that capture energy and use it to make organic molecules (most plants, but not all) |
| Consumers | heterotrophs that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules made up by other organisms (zebra, lion, human, ect.) |
| Food Chains | a single pathway of feeding relationships |
| Food Webs | the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem |
| Trophic Levels | 4-Large Carnivores, 3-Small carnivores, 2- Herbivores, 1-Producers |
| How much energy is passed from trophic level from trophic level | Roughly 10% of the total energy consumed in one trophic level is incorporated into the organisms in the next level. |
| Tundra | a cold and largely treeless, one-fifth of the words land. Has permafrost, or permanently frozen layer of soil under the surface |
| Tiaga | south of the tundra, a forested biome dominated by pinecone bearing trees |
| Temperate Deciduous Forests | trees that lose all their leaves in the fall |
| Temperate Grasslands | dominated by grasses, form in the interior of continents |
| Deserts | areas that receive an average of less than 25 cm of rainfall per year |
| Savannas | tropical or subtropical grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs |
| Tropical Rain Forests | tall trees, year round growing season, abundant rainfall |
| Human population growth | currently 6 billion grows by 90 million people each year. Will double by 2050 |
| Matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| Mass | the quantity of matter an object has |
| Element | pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter. |
| Atoms | the simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element |
| Energy Levels | 1- up to 2 electrons, 2 and up- 8 electrons |
| Proton | positive charge |
| Neutron | no charge |
| Electron | negative charge |
| Compounds | a pure substance that is made up of atoms of two or more elements |
| Chemical Reactions | Combining in ways that cause their atoms to become more stable. Chemical bonds are broken, atoms are rearranged, and new chemical bonds are formed. |
| Covalent bond | Sharing electrons to make elements stable |
| Ionic bond | taking away/giving electron to make elements stable |
| Energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| Acid | the number of hydronium ions is greater than the number of hydroxide ions. Sour taste, PH scale from 0-6 |
| Base | more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions, with a bitter taste and a slippery feel, and a PH scale from 8-14 |
| Buffers | chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution |
