| A | B |
|---|
| Polarity | an uneven pattern of charge (ex: Water) |
| Hydrogen Bonding | the type of attraction that holds two water molecules together tends to form between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and the region of negative charge on another molecule |
| Monomer | molecules that are built up from smaller, simpler molecules that bond to one another to form complex molecules known as polymers. |
| Polymers | consists of repeated, linked units that may be identical or structurally related to each other. |
| Macromolecules | very large polymer |
| Organic Compounds | contain Carbon Atoms that are Covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other elements as well, typically hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. |
| Carbohydrates | monosaccharides are the monomers, and disaccharides and the polysaccharides are polymers. |
| Proteins | amino acids are the monomers and dipeptide and polypeptides are polymers |
| Lipids | NON POLAR! Fatty acids are the monomer |
| Nucleic Acids | monomer is nucleotides, polymer is DNA and RNA |
| Enzymes | organic molecules that act as catalysts, essential for the functioning of any cell. Most are proteins, and Enzyme Reactions depend on a physical fit btw the enzyme molecule and its substrate, or the reactant being catalyzed. |
| Robert Hooke | looked @ cork under microscope, called them cells after where the monks lived |
| Antovan Leeuweheok | first to see living cells, Dutch microscope maker. |
| Mathais Scheiden | concluded all plants are composed of cells |
| Theodor Shwann | all animals are made up of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | cells only come from other cells |
| Cell Theory | All living things are composed of at least one cell, The cell is classified as the basic unit of structure and function, Cells only come from the reproduction from existing cells |
| Prokaryotes | Unicellular organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles |
| Eukaryotes | Cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. |
| Selectively Permeable Membrane | cell membrane controls the ease with which substances pass into and out of the cell. Some can come across easily, while others cannot enter at all |
| Lipid Bilayer | the two layers of phosopolipids formed by the water molecules, hydrophilic heads on the outside and hydrophobic tails inwards |
| Peripheral Proteins | proteins located on both the interior surface and the exterior surface of the cell membrane. |
| Integral Proteins | proteins embedded in the bilayer |
| Fluid Mosaic model | current model of cell membrane |
| Cytoplasm | the region of the cell btw the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| Mitochondrion | transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP |
| Ribosome | organizes the synthesis of proteins |
| Endoplasmic Riticulum | prepares proteins for export (rough); synthesizes staroids, regulates calcium levels, breaks down toxic substances (smooth) |
| Golgi | processes and packages substances produced by the cell |
| Lysosome | digests old organelles, molecules, and foreign substances |
| Nucleus | stores hereditary infromation in DNA; synthesizes RNA and ribosomes |
| cell membrane | controls substances that go in and out of cell |
| Cell wall | supports and protects cell |
| vacuole | stores enzymes and waste products |
| plastid | stores food or pigments, one type (chloroplsast) transfers enerfy from light to organic compounds |
| microfilaments & microtubules | contribute to the support, movement, and division of cells |
| cilli & flagella | hairlike organelles that extend from the surface of the cell, they assist in movement |
| Animal cells don't have ___ that plants have | cell wall, vacuoles, plasmolysis, and cytolysis |
| Chloroplast | familiar type of plastid that encloses a system of thlakoids |
| Thylakoids | a system of flattened membranous sacs |
