| A | B |
|---|
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis |
| cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| stoma | one of many openings in a leaf or stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur |
| transpiration | the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata |
| dormant | describes the inactive state of a seed or other plant part when conditions are unfavorable to growth |
| tropism | the growth of all or part of an organism in response to an external stimulus, such as light |
| nonvascular plant | the three groups of plants (liverworts, horworts, and mosses) that lack specialized conducting tissues and true roots, stems, and leaves |
| vascular plant | a plant that has specialized tissues that conduct materials from one part of the plant to another |
| gymnosperm | a woody, vascular seed plant whoses seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit |
| angiosperm | a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit |
| rhizoid | a rootlike structure in nonvascular plants that holds the plants in place and helps plants get water and nutrients |
| rhizome | a horizontal, underground stem that produces new leaves, shoots, and roots |
| pollen | the tiny granules that contain the male gametophyte of seed plants |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female structures of seed plants |
| xylem | the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots |
| phloem | the tissue that conducts food in vascular plants |
| sepal | in a flower, one of the outermost rings of modified leaves that protect the flower bud |
| petal | one of the ring or rings of the usually brightly colored, leaf-shaped parts of a flower |
| stamen | the male reproductive structure of a flower that produces pollen and consists of an anther at the tip of a filament |
| pistil | the female reproductive part of a flower that produces seeds and consists of an ovary, style, and stigma |
| ovary | in flowering plants, the lower part of a pistil that produces eggs in ovules |
