| A | B |
|---|
| cell membrane | Protective outer coveringo of all cells |
| regulates interaction between a cell and environment | Cell membrane |
| mitochondria | Cell organelles that break down food and release energy |
| nucleus | Organelle that controls all of the activities of the cell |
| contains heredity material made of proteins and DNA | Nucleus |
| order for all living things | Begins with a cell, then a tissue, an organ and finally organ system |
| Punnett Square | A tool that predicts the probability of certain traits in offspring |
| a tool that shows the different ways alleles can combine | Punnett Square |
| evidence | What is needed to support a new theory |
| cell theory | States that the cell is the basic unit of life and that all cells come from other cells |
| states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells | Cell theory |
| A type of passive transport in cells | Diffusion |
| diffusion | Molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are less of them |
| mitosis | Cell process in which a nucleus divides to form two nuclei which are identical to each other and the original nucleus |
| a series of steps in which all body cells (except sex cells) divide | Mitosis |
| meiosis | Reproductive process that produces four haploid sex cells from one diploid cell |
| ensures that offspring will have the same number of chromosomes as the parent organisms | Meiosis |
| diploid cell | Cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs |
| haploid cell | Cell that has half the number of chromosomes as body cells |
| diploid cell | Cell that has the same number of chromosomes as body cells |
| heredity | The passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| physical features | eye color, nose shape and hair color |
| alleles | Different forms of a trait that a gene may have |
| DNA | The genetic material of all organisms |
| chromosome | Structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material (DNA) |
| vertebrates and invertebrates | two large groups that animals can be classified into |
| vertebrates | Animals with backbones made up of a stack of structures called vertebrae that give support |
| invertebrates | animals without a backbone, making up about 97% of all animal species |
| examples of invertebrates | Sponges, jellyfish, worms, insects and clams |
| examples of vertebrates | Horses, dogs, frogs, fish and humans |
| vascular plants | Have tubelike structures that carry water, nutrients, and other substances throughout the plant |
| nonvascular plants | Move water and other substances through a plant by means other than tubelike structures |
| divisions | The groups that the plant kingdom is classified into |
| genus | group of similar species |
| kingdom | The first and largest category (6 in all) that a living thing is grouped under |
| species | The last and smallest category to which a living thing is grouped under |
| kingdom-pylum-class-order-family-genus-species | Classification system for all living things (largest to smallest) |
| adaptation | Any change or variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment |
| mutation | Any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell |
| water, carbon dioxide, light energy, chlorophyll | Needed for photosynthesis to take place |
| glucose and oxygen | Produced when photosynthesis takes place |
| photosynthesis | A process by which plants allow carbon to enter the ecosystem |
| gene | Section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins |
| respiration | Process by which stored energy is released from food molecules |
| opposite process of photosynthesis | Respiration |
