| A | B |
|---|
| astrolab | device used to find latitude |
| mercantilism | the idea that a country gains power by building up a supply of gold and silver |
| cartography | the science of mapmaking |
| Christopher Columbus | made four voyages to the Americas |
| supply and demand | concept merchants use to decide what to buy and sell |
| Columbian Exchange | global exchange of people, goods, ideas, and diseases |
| Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince who set up a research center to encourage exploration |
| horses | enabled Native Americans to hunt buffalo as their main food source |
| joint-stock company | a business that sells shares to a group of investors |
| Ferdinand Magellan | named the Pacific Ocean |
| Spanish Armada | defeated by the English in 1588 |
| compass | helped navigators find magnetic north |
| Portugal | mapped Africa’s coastline |
| Commercial Revolution | new ways of doing business that developed in Europe in the 1600s |
| caravel | an improved Portuguese ship that helped make exploration possible |
| potatoes | fed about four times as many people as grain on the same amount of land |
| sugarcane | Europeans enslaved millions of Africans to plant and harvest this crop |
| colonies | settlements that mercantilists thought should produce goods for the home country |
| cottage industry | system in which goods are produced in homes |
| capitalism | system where citizens own property and make goods |
