| A | B |
|---|
| geography | study of location of people and activities across the Earth and the reasons for their distribution |
| globalization | spread of ideas and culture across the earth through technology and communication |
| local diversity | expressing unique cultural traditions and economic practices |
| human geography | what's where? why is it there? why do we care? |
| physical geography | why natural forces occur as they do |
| map | 2 dimensional or flat scale model of Earth's surface |
| place | specific point on Earth |
| region | area of Earth distinguished by distinctive combo of cultural and physical features |
| space | physical gap or interval betwwen two objects |
| cartography | science of mapmaking |
| scale | relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth |
| large scale map | large fraction; small area being investigated |
| small scale map | small fraction; large area or region being investigated |
| projection | transferring location on Earth's surface to a flat map |
| distortions of projection | shape; distance; relative size; direction |
| Robinson projection | used by Nat Geo |
| Mercator projection | shape is distorted very little; poles are distorted |
| Peters projection | accurate size and landmass; shape is distorted |
| Fuller/dymaxion projection | accurate size and shape; different direction |
| Azimuthal projection | N/S pole orientation; used in geology |
| statistical map | variation in quantity is indicated |
| dot map | example of statistical map |
| cartogram | type of thematic map; size corresponds to geographic variable |
| choropleth map | type of thematic map; uses graded differences in shading or color to demo average values |
| isoline map | type of thematic map; made up of lines which join pts of equal value |
| proportional symbol map | thematic map; size of symbol is relative to the value of the feature |
| mental map | cognitive representation of people's spatial perception |
| GIS | uses geocoding whereby the position of any object on Earth can be measured and recorded with precision and stored in computer |
| Remote Sensing | acquiring data about Earth's surface from satellites or any long distance technique |
| GPS | references locations on the ground; det precise position of something on Earth |
| toponym | place name |
| site | physical characteristic and cultural features of a place: climate, water, etc |
| situation | location of a place relative to other places (relative location) |
| Tobler's Law | all places are interrelated; closer places are more related than farther |
| Meridian | arc drawn between N and S poles |
| longitude | location of meridans |
| Prime Meridian | 0 longitude; passes through Greenwich England |
| time zone | dividing longitude by 15 degrees (heading east) moves clock ahead by an hour |
| International Date Line | 180 longitude |
| parallel | circle drawn around globe parallel to equator |
| latitude | numbering system of parallels |
| Equator | 0 latitude |
| formal region/uniform | everyone shares, in common, one or more distinctive features |
| functional region/nodal | area organized around a node or focal point (ie.newspaper distribution) |
| vernacular region/perceptual | perception of a region; ex: Dixie |
| environmental determinism | how the physical environment caused social development; not largely accepted today |
| possiblism | physical environment may limit some human actions but people have ability to adjust to their environment (ex: ac in Vegas) |
| physical processes | climate; vegetation; soil; landforms |
| cultural landscapes | product of interaction between humans and environment |
| built landscape | what was placed there and why |
| sequent occupance | changes as the result of changes in occupancy of place |
| distribution | arrangement of features in space using density, concentration, and pattern |
| density | frequency with which something occurs in space |
| arithmetic density | total number of object in an area |
| physiological density | number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture |
| agricultural density | number of farmers per unit of farmland |
| concentration | extent of a feature's spread over space; clustered or dispersed |
| pattern | geometric arrangement of objects in space |
| space-time compression | reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place |
| distance decay | when groups are less likely to interact because of increasing distance |
| friction of distance | distance hinders interaction between places |
| gravity model | math formula describing level of interaction between 2 places |
| diffusion | process by which characteristic spreads across space |
| hearth/node | place of origin |
| relocation diffusion | spread through physical movement of people |
| expansion diffusion | spread through a "snowballing" process; growth on an idea |
| hierarchal diffusion | type of expansion diffusion; spread of an idea from more powerful node/person to medium to small |
| contagious diffusion | type of expansion diffusion; rapid widespread diffusion throughout population |
| stimulus diffusion | type of expansion diffusion; spread of an underlying principle even if primary charateristic fails to spread |
| transnational | company or organization spread across the globe |
