| A | B |
|---|
| demographics | scientific study of population characteristics |
| ecumene | portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement |
| carrying capacity | max poulation the earth can sustain |
| crude birth rate (cbr) | total number of live births for every 1,000 people alive |
| crude death rate (cdr) | total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive |
| natural increase rate (nir) | % by which a population grows in a year |
| doubling time | number of years needed to double a population |
| total fertility rate (tfr) | number of births in a society; av number of children a woman will have |
| infant mortality rate (imr) | annual number of deaths of infants under 1 compared with total live births |
| life expectancy | average number of years a newborn can expect to live |
| demographic transition | process of change in a country's population; 4 stages |
| dem trans stage 1 | low growth; early stages of humanity |
| dem trans stage 2 | high growth; cdr falls rapidly and cbr remains high |
| dem trans stage 3 | moderate growth; cbr begins to drop; cdr falls at a slower rate |
| dem trans stage 4 | low growth; crb declines to point where it equals the cdr |
| zero population growth (zpg) | tfr that result in lack of change in the total population over a long time |
| demographic/hidden momentum | continued pop growth long after replacement level fertitlity rates have been reached |
| J curve | boom or bust populations; grow slowly at first, then shoot up |
| S curve | more stable pop growth; slow-quick-slow |
| population pyramids | graphic bar display of country's population by age and gender |
| dependency ratio | number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to those in their productive years; 0-14, 65+ |
| pop pyramid wide base | growth |
| pop pyramid tall or short | long or short life expectancy |
| pop pyramid straight sides | aging and stable |
| pop pyramid rectangle | MDCs with low growth rates; relatively "even" number of people |
| sex ratios | number of males per hundred females |
| Malthus | world's rate of population increase was far outrunning the dev of food supplies |
| Malthus theory mathmatical | pop grows exponentially; food produced arithmetically |
| epidemiological transition | 5 stages on causes of death |
| migration | permanent move to new location |
| diaspora | scattering from traditional homeland; mostly involuntary |
| emigration | migration from a location |
| immigration | migration to a location |
| net migration | diff between emigration and immigration |
| Ravenstein | theory on causes of migration |
| push factors | induces you to move out of current location |
| pull factors | induces you to move to a new location |
| refugees | people who are forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution |
| intervening obstacles | environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration |
| international migration | permanent movement from one country to another |
| voluntary migration | person has chosen to leave |
| forced migration | person is compelled to leave by cultural factors |
| migration transition | Zelinsky's idea comparable to dem trans |
| internal migration | permanent move within same country |
| interregional migration | movement from one region to another |
| intraregional migration | movement within one region |
| step migration | series of shorter, less extreme moves |
| chain migration | one family member sends $ to bring others |
| return migration (periodic or cyclical) | go back to original location |
| quota laws | est maximum number of people who can immigrate to US from each country during a 1 year period |
| brain drain | taking highly skilled workers from one country |
| guest workers | Europe and MidEast; temporary migrants for low skilled work |
| centoid | geographic center of country; in US it is moving S and W |
| counterurbanization | net migration from urban to rural |
