| A | B |
|---|
| absolute phrase (nomimnative absolute) | a phrase without any grammatical function in the sentence. |
| active voice | a verb of a sentence in which the subject performs the action. |
| adjective | a word that modifies a noun or pronoun and clarifies its meaning by answering questions sucha as "What kind?," "Which one?," "How many?. |
| adjectival prepositional phrase | a prepositional phrase that modivies a noun or pronoun. |
| adverb | a word that modfies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. |
| adverbial prepostional phrase | a prepositional phrase that modifies a verbm an adjective,or another adverb. |
| synaesthesia | descriptions of one sense to descrive another ex. The green chill. |
| analytical mode | a composition mode in which the topic is developed by a critical thinking process which breaks the topic down into points that can be explored in an essay antecedent. |
| appositive | a word which renames the noun it modifies. |
| audience | the readership of a specific piece of weiting or, in oratory, the listeners. |
| classificatory mode | a composition mode in which a writer approaches a topic by dividing it into types, groups, or classes. |
| clause | a group of words containing a subject/ verb unit. (either a main/independent clause or a subordinate/ dependent clause). |
| comma splice | a specific comma fault in which a comma is used instead of a semi-colon. |
| complex sentence | a sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. |
| compound sentence | any sentence that has two or more independent clauses. |
| compound-complex sentence | any sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. |
| compound noun | a noun made up of more than one word ex. cardboard. |
| conjunction | one of the eight parts of speech; a closed-class which contains words used to connect other words or phrases or clauses (coordinationg, correlative, or subordinating). |
| coordinating conjunction | a conjunction that connects words or phrases or clauses of the same rank and usually the same kind; coordinating conjunctions include and, but, or, nor, for, and yet. |
| dangling modifier | a modifier (most often a participle) that has no noun or pronoun in the sentence to modify. |
| descriptive mode | a method of writing development which makes rich use of descriptive and sensory images. |
| direct object | a word or group of words that recieves the action of the verb in the transitive active voice and that answers the questions "Whom?" or "What?" after tje verb. |
| expletive | a special kind of absolute construction which serves a rhetorical purpose, but has no grammatical function ex. It is, There are, Here is... |
| fragment | an incomplete thought that lacks subject or a verb (or both) and is incorrectly punctuated and capitalized as a sentence. |
| free modifier | a modifier or modifiers placed stylistically in a construction (set off by commas) which emphasises their importance. |
| frozen register | archaic, stiff language ex. thou, didst. |
| gerund | a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun. |
| gerund phrase | a phrase that begins with a gerund or its modifiers and includes its complement and its modifiers; a gerund phrase functions as a noun. |
| imperative mood | any verb form that gives a command or makes a request. |
| indirect object | a noun or pronoun which names, without an expressed preposition, the person or thing to whom or for the action of the verb s performed. |
| infinitive | the base form of a verb or a non-finite verb accompanied by to; it functions as a noun, an adjective or an adverb. |
| infinitive phrase | a phrase beginning with an infinitive and including the subject of the infinitive, the complement and any modifiers or prepositional phrases |
| interjection | a part of speech which is an exclamatory word or phrase that usually expresses strong emotion and is often a simple sentence. |
| interrupter | a phrase or clause that interrupts a sentence to add information not essential to the sentence's meaning. |
| intransitive verb | an active verb that needs no object to complete its meaning. |
| inverted order | the placing of an element out of its usual order. |
| misplaced modifier | any modifier that is incorrectly placed in the sentence; placed in the sentence so that a modifier modifies the wrong word. |
| mode | the strategy of a writer used to accomplish his purpose (descriptive, narrative, anaylitical, or classificatory). |
| narrative mode | telling a story in order to fulfill a writing purpose. |
| noun | the part of speech that names a person, place, thing, or quality; concrete or abstract, proper or {common, compound or collective} |
| objective complement | a noun or pronoun or adjective which, in addition to a direct object, completes the predication begun by the verb. |
| organizational stage | the second level of writing which focuses on theses construction, ordering, and outlining. |
| parallelisim | the principle in the sentence structure that requires that elements of equal function have equal forms. |
| participle | a verbal adjective formed from the present or past participle of a verb. |
| participial phrase | a phrase containing a participle, its object, and any modifiers. |
| passice voice | the voice of a verb whose subject recieves its action. |
| person | the property of a verb or substantive which makes evident to whom or what the subject is speaking (first, second, or third). |
| phrase | a group of words not containing a subject/ predicate unit. |
| preposition | an expression governing a substansive in the objective case and joining this substantive to some other element in the sentence. |
| pronoun | an expression that may be used as a subtitute for a noun (personal, interrogative, relative, demonstrative, indefinite, reflexive, or intensive). |
| repitition for effect | repitition used appropriately for clarity and force. |
| subordinating conjunction | a conjunction that introduces a dependent clause and relates it to the rest of the sentence. |
| tense | that property of a verb that makes clear the time of the cation expressed by the time of the action expressed by the verb. |
| tone | the attitude of a writer toward his subject or toward his audience. |
| verb | a word that represents an action, a state of being, or an occurance. |
| voice | in grammar, the property of a verb which makes clear whether the subject of the verb performs the action or recieves the action described by the verb (an author's distinct style). |
