| A | B |
|---|
| service | any activity that fulfills a human want or need |
| consumer services | provide services to individual consumers |
| business services | services that facilitate other business; ex: FIRE |
| public services | services which provide security and protection for citizens and businesses |
| clustered rural settlements | number of families live in close proximity to each other with fields surrounding the buildings |
| dispersed rural settlements | number of families and buildings are spread out around the settlement |
| enclosure movement | consolidating individually owned strips of land surrounding a village into a single large farm owned by an individual |
| central place theory | Christaller's theory explaining how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of setltements exists |
| central place | market center |
| market area | areas surrounding a service from which customers are attracted |
| hinterlands | where market draws from |
| node of service | location of service from which a line is drawn around to attract customers |
| range | max distance people are willing to travel to use the service |
| threshold | min number of people needed to support the service/business |
| market area analysis | det if locating the market would be profitable and where best location would be |
| profitability of location | using range and threshold to det is business is sustainable |
| gravity model | predicts that optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance they must travel to access the service |
| brick and morter | actual physical building |
| e-commerce | using technology/internet to provide a service |
| rank size distribution of settlements | country's nth largest settlement is 1/n of the population of the largest settlement |
| primate city | largest settlement having 2x as many people as the second ranking city |
| periodic markets | collection of vendors that come together on a given day to sell goods and services locally |
| core periphery model | idea that most services are located in the core/center area of region and fewer are on the outskirts of the area |
| world cities | London, Tokyo, NYC |
| 2nd level cities | command and control centers |
| 3rd level cities | producer service centers with specialized services |
| 4th level cities | dependent centers; relatively unskilled |
| basic industry | primarily exports |
| nonbasic industry | enterprises whose consumers live in the same community |
| economic base | community's collection of basic industries |
| offshore banking | banking located in countries off the coast of the US; providing secrecy and tax fee status |
| back office services | processing claims, payroll, clerical, etc |
| central business district | center of city where all types of srvices are clustered |
| industrial locations | Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, East Asia |
| situation factors | involve transportation to and from a factory |
| Weber's theory of industrial location | inputs relative to outputs |
| least cost theory | optimal location is based on transportation, labor, agglomeration, deglomeration |
| agglomeration | many companies from the same industry cluster to draw on a collective set of resources |
| deglomeration | leaving agglomerated areas |
| bulk reducing industry | economic activity in which the final product weighs less than its inputs |
| bulk gaining industry | economic activity in which something gains volume or weight during production |
| minimills | smaller manufacturing plants located close to the market |
| auto alley | between Michigan and Alabama where many auto industry parts are manufactured and assembled to minimize transportation costs |
| just in time delivery | receiving parts when needed so there is no storage/warehousing/overhead |
| perishable products | products that can spoil or become outdated quickly |
| break of bulk points | location where transfer among transportation modes is possible |
| footloose industries | cost of transportation, raw materials or finished products is not important to det location of company |
| labor intensive industry | industry in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitutes high % of expenses |
| right to work laws | factories must maintain an open shop making it harder for unions to organize; found mostly in South |
| deindustrialization | break down of industry and moving away from traditional industrial areas |
| Maquiladoras | factories built by US companies in Mexico near the border to take advantage of cheap labor |
| NAFTA | free trade agreement betw US, Canada, Mexico |
| NIC (newly industrialized country) | formerly LDCs who have increased infrastructure and manufacturing segments; experiencing rapid pop growth and internal migration |
| outsourcing | transferring jobs to other countries to take advantage of cheaper labor; responsibility for production to independent suppliers |
| international division of labor | selectively transferring some jobs to LDCs |
| Fordist approach | skilled labor performing mass production; single company owns all aspects |
| post Fordist approach | focuses on teams; large netwroks of supply chains |
