| A | B |
|---|
| Alfred Wegener | scientist who came up with the hypothesis of continental drift is named |
| Harry Hess | scientist who came up with the theory of sea floor spreading is named |
| Pangaea | super continent around 300 million years ago |
| Mesosaurus | reptile fossil found in S. America and Africa |
| elastic rebound | cause of earthquakes on faults |
| continental volcano | Explosive eruptions; Ejects large clouds of tephra; Forms cinder cones; Forms composite cones |
| oceanic volcano | Forms shield cones; Flowing rivers of lava; Thin lava allows gasses to escape |
| hazards associated with earthquakes | Falling buildings; landslides; volcanoes; tsunami |
| epicenter | place on the surface of the earth above where the earthquake occurs |
| focus | place where the earthquake begins |
| seismograph | instrument that measures earthquake intensity |
| compression | stress caused by pressing together |
| tension stress | caused by pulling apart |
| shearing | stress caused by two things moving past each other |
| Ritcher Scale | scale that ranks the intensity of earthquakes based on instrument readings |
| isostatic adjustment | the earth bounces back up after glaciers retreat.....causes earthquakes in Massachusetts |
| elastic rebound theory | cause of earthquakes on faults--the rocks bounce back to their original shape |
| cinder cone volcano | continental volcano with explosive eruptions and loose tephra |
| shield cone volcano | oceanic volcano with a gradual slope and quiet eruptions |
| composite cone volcano | continental volcano that alternates between quiet and explosive eruptions |
| earthquake | shaking of the earth--occurs along convergent and tranform fault boundaries |
| normal faults | happen along divergent boundaries |
| reverse fault | happen along convergent boundaries |
| strike-slip fault | happen along tranform fault boundaries |
| thrust fault | happen along convergent boundaries |
| anticline | rocks fold upward in the center (frowning--angry) |
| syncline | rocks fold downward in the center (smiling--happy) |
| mountains | happen along convergent boundaries |
| granite | rock that makes up continental crust |
| basalt | rock that makes up oceanic crust |
| convergent boundary | two plates come together |
| divergent boundary | two plates spreading apart |
| theory of plate tectonics | earth's crust is broken up into plates that float on the lower mantle |
| transform fault boundary | two plates slide past each other |
| convection currents | heat transfer in the mantle that drives plate movement |
| trench | a deep valley in the ocean floor where one plate subducts beneath another |
| rift valley | where the Earth's ocean floor was formed |
| mid-ocean ridge | mountain range on the ocean floor caused by divergent plate boundaries |
| mantle | where the currents that drive the movement of the plates occur |
| plate boundaries | where most earthquakes |
| When oceanic crust meets continental crust | oceanic crust subducts under continental crust. |
| need to locate the epicenter of the earthquake you need readings from | 3 seismographs. |
| rift valleys | where the Earth's ocean floor was formed |
| convection | heat transfer that drives plate movement is |
| sea-floor spreading | theory by Harry Hess that new ocean crust is formed at the mid ocean ridges by molten lava |
| Mercalli Intensity scale | scale that ranks the intensity or magnitude of earthquakes based on the reports of people |
| hot spots | forms volcanoes in the middle of plates |
