| A | B |
|---|
| lysosomes | digestion, recycling |
| Mitochondria | energy conversion |
| Chloroplast | energy conversion |
| manufactures membranes | golgi apparatus |
| centriole | in centrosome, they help to pull the spindle fibers to opp. ends of cell during mitosis |
| site for photosynthesis | granum (inside the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast) |
| vacuole | stores nutrients, food, molecules, sugar (large central one in plant cells and temporary ones in animal cells) |
| ribosomes | synthesize or produce proteins |
| plant support | large central vacuole along with cell wall |
| surrounds and bathes organelles | cytoplasm |
| cytoskeleton | anchors the organelles and gives cell its shape and structure |
| genetic information | chromosomes (nucleus contains them) |
| cell membrane | controls flow of ions and molecules in and out of cell |
| movement | flagella (and cytoskeleton) |
| break down amino acids and fats so the mitochondria can extract electrons from them and make energy | peroxisomes |
| golgi vesicles | carry the proteins and process them and make them ready to ship out from the RER through the cell membrane |
| lipid synthesis, drug detoxification | SER |
| desmosones | cell-cell connection |
| osmosis | the apparently uninterrupted diffusion of water through the semi-permeable membranes of cells |
| cilia | short flagella - helps move material along cell or tissue |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration |
| substances move down their concentration gradient through the appropriate transport proteins | passive transport |
| active transport | substances move through transport proteins, but against their concentration gradient (lower -> higher) |
| if transport protein acts as carriers and moves the molecules down their concentration gradient (like diffusion) (type of passive transport) | facilitated diffusion |
| interphase | longest stage of mitosis, cell carries out normal metabolic activities and carries out preparations for cell division |
| time of cell growth just following divison | Growth 1 (part of interphase) |
| Synthesis (part of interphase) | exact copy of DNA is made, nucleus content doubled, replications ensure identical and complex set of genes available to new offspring |
| protein, RNA, and other macromolecules are synthesized (smaller amounts than in G1) | Growth 2 |
| Mitosis Phase | Chromosomes visible in this phase in light microscope |
| prophase | chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope begins to disappear, spindle (diamond-shaped structure of microtubules) form |
| chromosomes arrane in plane across center of cell, perpendicular to the spindle | metaphase |
| anaphase | centromeres dvide, microtubules attached to each centromere pull sister chromatids toward opp ends of cell |
| chromosomes gather at opp sides of cell, new nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes | telophase |
| cleavage furrow | divsion of animal cell (forms from out to in) |
| cell plate | divsion of plant cell (forms from in to out) |
| diploid (2n) | 46 chromosomes - full set |
| haploid (n) | 23 chomosomes - half diploid |
| gametes | sperm, eggs |
