| A | B |
|---|
| deletion | the loss of a piece of a chromosome, due to chromosomal breakage |
| frame shift mutation | a mutation that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame |
| inversion | a section of the DNA seperates, then re-attaches flipped upside down |
| **nondijunction | due to the failure of homologous pairs to seperate during meiosis |
| point mutation | due to substitution, addition or subtraction of one nucleotide in a DNA squence |
| translocation | a section of DNA seperates, then attaches to a non-homologous chromosome |
| substitution | point mutation |
| x-linked | on the x-chromosome (x chromosome is very big compared to y) |
| pedigree | a family record showing parings, offspring, and often including specific traits such as genetic disease. |
| carrier | heterozygous for a trait,(it does not actually have the trait) |
| multiple allele trait | traits that are determined by more than one allele. Ex: Blood Type |
| polygenic trait | traits that are determined by the influence of several genes |
| single allele trait | one trait that is controlled by a single allele, you either have it or you don't |
| explain how you would distinguish the karyotype of a normal human male from that of a human male with Down syndrome(# 24) | the down syndrome man would have an extra 21 chromosome |
| describe how the karyotype of an xxy human would differ from that of an xo human(# 25) | the first one would have an extra x |
| list the possible genotypes for a person whose ABO blood group is type A(#22) | it would be either AO (which = A) or it would be AA (which = A) |
| #23 A picture shows red blood cells of an individual. One of the red blood cells is bent, while the other is normal. A) Does this person have sickle-cell anemia? B) What is this persons genotype with respect to sickle cell anemia? | A) Yes B) Homozygous recessive |
| what is the difference between germ-cell mutations and somatic mutations? | germ cell mutation occurs in gametes while somatic mutation take place in body cells |
| Distinguish between multiple allele traits and polygenic traits | Multiple allele traits are controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait, while polygenic trait is a trait that is controlled by two or more genes |
| the deletion of a single nucleotide results in A) nondisjunction b)monosomy c) a frame shift mutation D) a translocation | c, a frame shift mutation |
