| A | B |
|---|
| Trust vs mistrust | infant; viewing the world as safe and reliable |
| Autonomy vs shame and doubt | toddler; achieving a sense of control and free will |
| Initiative vs guilt | preschool; beginning development of a conscience |
| Industry vs inferiority | school age; emerging confidence in own abilities |
| Identity vs role confusion | adolescence; formulating a sense of self and belonging |
| Intimacy vs isolation | young adult; forming adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachments to others |
| Generativity vs stagnation | middle adult; being creative and productive; re-examine their life goals |
| Ego integrity vs despair | maturity;accepting responsibility for one's self and life |
| Displacement | Ventilation of intense feelings toward persons less threatening than the one who aroused those feelings |
| Compensation | Overachievement in one area to offset real or perceived deficiencies in another area |
| Dissociation | Dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity |
| Intellectualization | Separation of the emotions of a painful event or situation from the facts involved; acknowledging the facts but not the emotions |
| Projection | Unconscious blaming of unacceptable inclinations or thoughts on an external object |
| Rationalization | Excusing own behavior to avoid guilt, responsibility, conflict , anxiety, or loss of self respect |
| Reaction formation | acting the opposite of what one thinks or feels |
| Regression | moving back to a previous developmental stage to feel safe or have needs met |
| Repression | Excluding emotionally painful or anxiety provoking thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness |
| Suppression | conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts and feelings from conscious awareness |
| Undoing | exhibiting acceptable behavior to make up for or negate unacceptable behavior |
| Dissociation | dealing with emotional conflict by a temporary alteration in consciousness or identity |
| Prototaxic mode | characteristic of infancy and childhood, involves brief unconnected experiences that have no relationship with each other |
| Parataxic mode | In early childhood, begins to connect experiences in sequence |
| Syntaxic mode | Begins to appear in school age children and becomes more predominant in preadolescence |
