| A | B |
|---|
| Central Nervous System | comprised of the brain and spinal cord (and CSF) |
| 4th ventricle | attaches to the brain stem |
| abducens (proprioception, movement of eyeball) mixed | CN VI |
| accessory (swallowing and head movement) mixed | CN XI |
| Aneurysm clip | device placed on an aneurysm to prevent hemorrhage |
| Aqueduct of Sylvius | links the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle |
| Arachnoid | a delicate membrane interposed between the dura mater and the pia mater, separated from the latter by the subarachnoid space |
| atlas | aka C1 |
| Autonomic | Involuntary responses |
| av (arteriovenous) malformations | thin walled vascular channels that connect arteries and veins without the usual intervening capillaries, may turn ito intracerebral hemorrhage |
| axis | aka C2 |
| basal ganglia | Gray matter with no myelin sheath deep within cerebral hemispheres |
| body temperature | best for brain irrigation |
| Bone wax | What is used to achieve hemostasis on the edge of bone? |
| Brain | an approximate 3lb organ composed of 100 billion neurons. |
| Burr holes | holes drilled through skull to remove subdural hematoma or similar |
| Carpal tunnel release | surgical procedure to correct carpal tunnel syndrome, involves release of the median nerve from the transverse carpal ligament |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | painful disorder of the wrist and hand in which pressure is exerted on the median nerve at the point at which it goes through the carpal tunnel of the wrist |
| cerebral aqueduct | Also known as the (Aqueduct of Sylvius) |
| Cerebral cortex | outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | a clear fluid containing sodium chloride and other constituents such as lymphocytes, glucose & proteins that help support and cushion the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrum | Largest part of the brain responsible for highest level of thought, judgement, memory, association and critical thinking |
| Choroid plexus | inside the ventricles are tiny masses of specialized capillaries that produce CSF |
| choroid plexuses in the lateral ventricles | Largest amount of CSF is produced where |
| Circle of Willis | located at the base of the brain: a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain |
| Cloward procedure | Anterior Cervical Discectomy |
| coordinates skeletal muscle movement & responsible for learning new motor tasks (throwing & catching a ball), controls functions ipsilaterlly | The cerebellum |
| Coronal suture | a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the frontal and parietal bones of the skull |
| Corpus callosum | thick band of nerve fibers that connect the 2 hemispheres of the brain |
| Cottonoids | compressed absorbent patties used on fragile, delicate neural tissue to absorb blood & fluids; always moisten with saline |
| Cranioplasty | repair of a skull defect using a prosthetic material such as metal, methyl methacrylate, silicone, bone, or cartilage |
| Cranium | encloses and protects the brain, commonly referred to as "skull" |
| Dura mater | the outermost, toughest of the three meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord |
| Dura, Arachnoid, Pia mater | meninges from outside inward |
| Each vertebrae has openings called | intervertebral foramina |
| ethmoid | the bone on the inside of the cranium that is anterior to the sphenoid |
| facial (taste, facial expression,tear,saliva secretion) mixed | CN VII |
| Fissure | large furrows that divide the brain into lobes |
| Foramen magnum | the large opening in the occipital bone between the cranial cavity and the spinal canal |
| Foramen of Monro | links the 1st to the 2nd ventricle |
| frontal bone | the bone that forms the anterior of the cranium |
| Frontal lobe | produces body movements, contributes to personality, temperament, memory & intelligence -Broca's area involved in language production and speech |
| Galea | the aponeurosis that connects the occipitofrontal muscle to form the epicranium; the periosteum of the skull |
| glossopharyngeal (blood pressure regulation,taste) mixed | CN IX |
| Herniated disc | rupture of the fibrocartilage surrounding an intervertabral disc resulting in pressure on the spinal nerve roots |
| Hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain |
| hypoglossal (tongue movement during speach) mixed | CN XII |
| hypothalamus | Regulates homeostasis of the body and serves as a link between the endocrine system and nervous system. |
| Iliac crest | bone for a bone graft is usually taken from this |
| interventricular foramen | Also called the (Foramen of Monroe) |
| Intervertebral disc | disc that forms a cartilaginous joint between the vertabrae to provide shock absorption |
| Lamina | flattened part of either side of the arch of a vertebrae |
| Lateral ventricles | 1st and 2nd ventricles |
| Lumbar puncture | used to examine CSF characteristics, determine pressure, or introduce medication or anesthetics |
| Mayfield table | Large instrument table used in some neuro cases in place of Mayo stand |
| Mechanical hemostasis examples | raytecs, cottonoids, cotton balls, clips. forceps clamps, monopolar cautery, bipolar cautery, or bone wax |
| medulla oblongata | Contains the nuclei responsible for breathing rhythm, heart rate, and blood pressure |
| Meninges | three layers of protective tissue covring the brain and spinal cord |
| Nerve plexus | a network of nerves |
| occipital bone | the bone that forms the posterior and base of the cranium |
| Occipital Lobe | contains visual cortex, affecting vision |
| oculomotor (movement of and eyelid, pupil constriction) mixed | CN III |
| olfactory (smell) sensory | CN I |
| Optic (vision) sensory | CN II |
| parietal bone | the bone(s) that form(s) the top and side(s) of the cranium |
| Parietal lobe | sensory lobe; such as seeing, hearing, touching, & smelling |
| periosteal elevator | In a craniotomy, periosteum is stripped from bone with what? |
| Peripheral Nervous System | comprised of the nerves that link the various parts of the body to the CNS |
| Pia Mater | The fine vascular membrane that closely envelops the brain and spinal cord under the arachnoid and the dura mater |
| Pituitary rongeur | During a laminectomy disc material is removed with what? |
| pons | Nerves that cross over so one side of brain controls opposite side. Works with medulla to regulate breathing. Origin of CN V-VIII |
| prone position on the Mayfield horseshoe headrest (cervical lam) Wilson frame (lumbar lam) | Position for laminectomy when excising a spinal tumor |
| Scalp | What are raney clips used on? |
| Scalp clips | used on the scalp edges as the primary incision is made for a craniotomy |
| Somatic | Voluntary responses |
| sphenoid | the butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the cranium |
| spina bifida | congenital defect in the walls of the spinal canal caused by lack of union between the lamina of the vertebrae |
| Spinal cord | a column of nervous tissue within the vertebral column |
| Sulcus | depression or fissure in the surface of the brain |
| temporal bone | the bone(s) that form(s) the lateral and inferior side(s) of the cranium |
| Temporal lobe | contributes to emotion, memory, & language comprehension: contains the auditory cortex, which affects hearing and interpretation of sounds |
| thalamus | Refered to as the relay station for all sensory data such as pain, touch and temperature |
| the 24 vertebrae are divided into | 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar |
| the atlas and axis vertebrae provide | rotational movement for the head |
| the atlas vertebrae is also called | C-1 |
| the axis vertebrae is also called | C-2 |
| the cauda equina is located at | the first and second lumbar vertebrae |
| the cord orginates at the | foramen magnum |
| the foramen magnum is a | large opening at the base of the skull |
| the intervertebral foramina provides | passage for the spinal nerves |
| the sacrum (5) and coccyx ( 1-3) vertebrae are | fused together |
| the spinal column is continuous with | the medulla oblongata |
| the spinal cord ends at the | cauda equina |
| the vertrebral column is composed of | 24 vertebrae, one sacrum, and 1 coccyx, totalling 26 bones |
| topical thrombin | comes in kits and must be reconstituted with isotonic solution before it may be sprayed into a bleeding site; can also be combined with Gelfoam |
| Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy | incision into the upper gum through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus to the floor of the sella turcica to remove pituitary gland or tumor |
| trigeminal (facial) ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular | CN V |
| trochlear (hearing) mixed | CN IV |
| vagus (sensation from visceral organs,smooth muscle contraction, secretion of digestive fluid) mixed | CN X |
| ventricle | 1 of 4 communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord |
| Ventriculoperitoneal shunt | placement of a multi-hole drainage catheter into the lateral ventricle: connects to a draining tube that is inserted into the peritoneum or atrium: surgical treatment for hydrocephalus |
| vertebrae are separated by cartilaginous cushio | n called intervertebral discs |
| vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance) sensory | CN VIII |
| sequence for turning a bone flap | incision, raise tissue flap, perforate, saw |
| how many bones actually cradle the brain? | 8 |
| fontanelles | open at birth, but the posterior one closes by about 2 months, and the anterior one closes by about 18 months |
| Tentorium Cerebelli | A transverse fold of dura forming the roof of the posterior fossa; supports the temporal and occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres |
| fissure of Rolando | AKA central sulcus |
| fissure of Sylvius | AKA lateral sulcus |
| vermis | medial portion of the cerebellum |
| falx cerebri | layer of dura matter separating the cerebral hemispheres |
| falx cerebelli | layer of dura matter separating the cerebellar hemispheres |
