| A | B |
|---|
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| DNA ligase | catalyzes bonding the 3’ end of a new DNA fragment to the 5’ end of a growing DNA chain |
| DNA polymerase | catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides |
| double helix | adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape |
| helicase | enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks |
| lagging strand | discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork. |
| leading strand | continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along template in the 5’ to 3’ direction |
| mismatch repair | special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired nucleotides |
| nuclease | hydrolyzes DNA and RNA into their component nucleotides |
| nucleotide excision repair | removing and then correctly replacing a damaged segment of DNA |
| Okazaki fragment | short segment of DNA synthesized on a template strand during DNA replication |
| origin of replication | where the replication of a DNA molecule begins |
| phytophage | virus that infects plant cells |
| phage | virus that infects bacteria |
| primase | enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the primer |
| primer | polynucleotide with a free 3´ end that is elongated during DNA replication |
| replication fork | Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing |
| semiconservative model | replicated DNA consists of one old strand and one newly made strand |
| single-strand binding protein | molecules that line up along the unpaired DNA strands |
| telomerase | catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres |
| telomere | protective structure at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome |
| topoisomerase | functions in DNA replication |
| transformation | change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. |
| zoophage | virus the infects animal cells |
