| A | B |
|---|
| aggregate fruit | fruit derived from a single flower that has more than one carpel |
| anther | terminal pollen sac of a stamen where pollen grains with male gametes form |
| apomixis | asexual production of seeds |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction involving only one parent that produces genetically identical offspring |
| callus | mass of dividing undifferentiated cells at the cut end of a shoot |
| carpel | female reproductive organ of a flower consisting of the stigma |
| coleoptile | covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed |
| coleorhiza | covering of the young root of the embryo of a grass seed |
| complete flower | flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals |
| dioecious | describe an angiosperm species in which carpellate and staminate flowers are on separate plants |
| dormancy | condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development |
| double fertilization | two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm |
| endosperm | nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei |
| epicotyl | embryonic axis above the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s). |
| fragmentation | asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals |
| fruit | mature ovary of a flower that protects dormant seeds and aids in their dispersal |
| hypocotyl | embryonic axis below the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s) and above the radicle |
| incomplete flower | one or more of the four basic floral organs are either absent or nonfunctional |
| megaspore | spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte |
| microspore | spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte |
| monoecious | angiosperm species in which carpellate and staminate flowers are on the same plant |
| multiple fruit | derived from an inflorescence |
| ovary | portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop |
| ovule | structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte |
| petal | parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators |
| protoplast fusion | protoplasts from different plant species that would otherwise be reproductively incompatible |
| radicle | embryonic root of a plant |
| receptacle | site of attachment of the floral organs to the stem |
| scion | twig grafted onto the stock when making a graft |
| scutellum | specialized type of cotyledon found in the grass family. |
| seed coat | outer covering of a seed formed from the outer coat of an ovule |
| sepal | modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud |
| simple fruit | derived from a single carpel or several fused carpels |
| stamen | pollen-producing male reproductive organ of a flower |
| stigma | sticky part of a flower’s carpel which traps pollen grains |
| stock | plant that provides the root system when making a graft |
| style | stalk of a flower’s carpel |
| transgenic | genome contains a gene introduced from another organism |
| self-incompatibility | ability of a seed plant to reject its own pollen |
