| A | B |
|---|
| age structure | relative number of individuals of each age in a population |
| big-bang reproduction | adults have but a single reproductive opportunity to produce large numbers of offspring |
| carrying capacity | maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources |
| clumped | dispersion pattern in which individuals are aggregated in patches |
| cohort | group of individuals of the same age from birth until all are dead |
| demographic transition | shift from zero population growth in which birth rates and death rates are high to zero population growth characterized instead by low birth and death rates |
| demography | study of statistics relating to births and deaths in populations |
| density | number of individuals per unit area or volume |
| density dependent | any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density |
| density independent | any characteristic that is not affected by population density |
| dispersion | pattern of spacing among individuals within geographic population boundaries |
| ecological capacity | actual resource base of a country |
| ecological footprint | calculating the aggregate land and water area in various ecosystem categories that is appropriated by a nation to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb all the waste it generates |
| emigration | movement of individuals out of a population |
| exponential population growth | geometric increase of a population as it grows in an ideal |
| immigration | influx of new individuals from other areas |
| infant mortality | number of infant deaths per 1 |
| iteroparity | adults produce large numbers of offspring over many years; also known as repeated reproduction |
| K-selection | life history is centered around producing relatively few offspring that have a good chance of survival |
| life expectancy at birth | predicted average length of life at birth |
| life history | series of events from birth through reproduction and death |
| life table | data summarizing mortality in a population |
| logistic population growth | model describing population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity |
| mark-recapture method | sampling technique used to estimate wildlife populations |
| meta-population | subdivided population of a single species |
| population | localized group of individuals that belong to the same biological species |
| population dynamics | study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size |
| population ecology | study of populations in relation to the environment |
| random | dispersion pattern in which individuals are spaced in a patternless |
| repeated reproduction | adults produce large numbers of offspring over many years; also known as iteroparity |
| reproductive table | age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population |
| r-selection | concept that in certain populations a high reproductive rate is the chief determinant of life history |
| semelparity | adults have but a single reproductive opportunity to produce large numbers of offspring a.k.a. big-bang reproduction |
| survivorship curve | plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age |
| territoriality | animal defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals |
| uniform | dispersion pattern in which individuals are evenly distributed |
| zero population growth (ZPG) | when the per capita birth rate and death rate are equal |
