| A | B |
|---|
| integumentary system | The integumantary system contains the largest organ in the human body, the skin which protects the body from damage by waterproofing, cushioning, and protecting the deeper tissues, excreting wastes, and regulating temperature. |
| dermis | Dense, irregular connective tissue that forms the deep layer of the skin. |
| epidermis | The outer portion of the skin, formed by epithelial tissue which rests on the dermis. |
| hypodermis | Loose connectvie tissue underneath the dermis thish connects the dermis to muscle or bone. |
| papillary layer | upper part of the dermis where papilla increase the density of blood vessels. |
| epidermal ridges | ridges found in all of our skin which create friction between our skin and the things that we touch. |
| reticular layer | layer of dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue. |
| lines of cleavage | also "lines of tension" show the overall direction of the collagen fibers in the dermis. |
| Hair follicle receptors | set of nerves in skin that provide many senstaions, including pain, touch and pressure. |
| hair follcile | skin organ that produces hair |
| arrector pili | muscle cells that are associated with the hair. |
| hypodermis | subcutaneous, non skin, tissue made of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. |
| sweat glands | small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. |
| sebaceous glands | microscopic glands in the skin that secrete an oily/ waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate the skin and hair |
| sweat ducts | A small duct that conveys sweat from a sudoriferous gland to the surface of the skin |
| stratum basale | one cell thick epidermal layer which is in constant mitosis |
| stratum spinosum | layer of several epidermal cells which also undergo mitosis |
| melanocytes | cells with long extensions called "processes: that produce melanin |
| melanoma | malignant tumor of melanocytes |
| basal cell carcinoma | cancer starts in the top layer of the skin called the epidermis. It grows slowly and is painless |
| squamous cell carcinoma | Arises from uncontrolled multiplication of transformed malignant cells showing squamous differentiation; is one of the most common cancers, and frequently forms in a large number of body tissues and organs, including skin, lips, mouth, esophagus, urinary bladder, prostate, lung, vagina, and cervix, among others. |
| stratum granlosum | .The cells in the stratum granulosum, or granular layer, have lost their nuclei and are characterized by dark clumps of cytoplasmic material |
| stratum lucidum | is only found in the thick skin of the palms and soles. |
| keratinization | The conversion of squamous epithelial cells into a horny material, such as nails. Also called cornification |
| strarum corneum | most superficial skin layer composed of 25 - 30 layers of keratinized cells. |
| desquamation | the sloughing off of dead skin cells |
| hair shaft | portion of hair sticking out above surface of skin |
| hair root | Portion of hair found under the skin. |
| medulla | central hair layer containing two or three layers of cells that hold soft keratin |
| hard keratin | contains more sulfur than soft keratin |
| soft keratin | contains less sulfur than hard keratin |
| cortex | containing many layers of cells that hold hard keratin; makes up most of hair |
| cuticle | single layer of overlapping cells containing hard keratin |
| hair follicle | pocket out of which the hair grows. |
| internal epithelial root sheath | internal epithelial tissue which forms the hair follicle |
| dermal root sheath | is derived from the dermis and consists of three layers |
| matrix | mass of undifferentiated cells inside hair bulb |
| growth stages | when the cells of the matrix reproduce alot |
| rest stages | Times when the cells in the matrix don't reproduce much. |
| nail root | area of nail where cells differentiate and keratinize with hard keratin, allowing nail growth. |
| nail matrix | area of nail where undifferentiated cells are reproducing. |
| lunula | upper portion of nail matrix |
| merocrine sweat glands | sweat glands in the dermis that excrete substances without any cellular material in the secretion |
| apocrine sweat glands | sweat glands in the hypodermis which empty into the hair follicle; strong odor secretions |
| sebaceous gland | holocrine glands secrete entire epithelial cells of sebum softening hair and skin. |
| yellow bone marrow | adipose tissue stored in adult bones |
| hemopoiesis | process of manufacturing blood cells |
| red bone marrow | produces red blood cells which end up in the bloodstream. |
| long bone | bone that is longer than it is wide |
| flat bones | thin, usually curved bones |
| short bone | bone that's as long as it is wide |
| irregular bone | bone that is not long, flat, or short |
| sesamoid bone | bones that devlop inside tendons |
| diaphysis | shaft of bone composed mostly of compact bone |
| epiphysis | found at the end of the bone; made mostly of spongy bone |
| ephiphyseal plate | growth of boe's length comes from this hyalin cartilage area of long bone |
| ephiphyseal line | hardened ephiphyseal plate in adult |
| ossifcation | bone formation |
| articular cartilage | hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of a bone in a joint |
| medullary cavity | contains red bone marrow in young bones and yellow bone narrow in adults |
| periosteum | a two layer sheath, covering entire bone |
| axial akeleton | portion of skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck and trunk |
| appendicular skeleton | portion of skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it. |
