| A | B |
|---|
| 1 french | 3 mm; the french gauge system is yet another way of measuring size |
| 1 to 7 | True ribs |
| 8 to 12 | False ribs |
| Alternative Thoracotomy Incisions | Axillary or Transaxillary |
| Alveoli | most distal part of lungs |
| Anterolateral Thoracotomy Incision | Inframammary incision over the 2nd or 3rd interspace from the anterior midline or sternal border to midaxillary line. |
| Bronchi | Enter the lungs at the hilus or hilum. branches of trachea |
| Bronchiole | small branch of a bronchus |
| Bronchoscopy | most common, flexible, fiberoptic bronchoscope is used to view airways for foreign objects or abnormalities |
| Cervical Rib Resection | Performed for thoracic outlet syndrome. Usually at the livel of the 1st rib. Decompression accomplished via partial or entire removal of the rib. |
| Chest Tube & Drainage Systems | A catheter inserted through the rib space of the thorax into the pleural space to remove air and/or fluid, thereby restoring negative pressure in the pleural space. It is attached to a water sealed chest drainage device. *It is commonly used after chest surgery and lung collapse. |
| Chest x-ray | Posteroanterior (PA) and lateral projections indicate lung and heart configuration. |
| COPD | irreversible condition that results in diminished capacity of the lungs |
| decortication of the lung (pleurectomy) | removal of any fibrinous, restrictive deposit or membrane of the pleural lining |
| Diaphragm | dome shaped muscle separating the thoracic area from the abdominal cavity: primary muscle to help with breathing |
| disposable chest tube units | provide a seal that prevents air from entering the lungs; provide drainage collection; provide suction control through the water level within the unit |
| Double lung transplantation | for cystic fibrosis for end stage lung failure |
| Drainage of empyema | drainage of purulent effusion associated with an acute or chornic infection |
| Emphysema | Chronic respiratory disease characterized by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and alveolar ducts of the lungs |
| Endotracheal tube | Goes into 1 lung while the other is "paralyzed" for the surgery |
| External intercostals | Secondary muscle for inhalation |
| False Ribs | The 8th, 9th and 10th pair articulate with their respective costal cartilage; pairs 11 and 12 float free, but are still considered false ribs. |
| Floating Ribs | The 11th and 12th pair are free floating; they are also false ribs. |
| Hemostatic agents | Gelfoam, bone wax, thrombin, avitene, gelfilm, cautery |
| Hemothorax | accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity related to trauma, inflammation, or malignant neoplasm |
| Hemothorax | Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity related to trauma, inflammation or malignant neoplasm. |
| Hilum | Where the main bronchi, pulmonary arteries, veins and lymphatic essels enter the medial surface of the lungs |
| hypoxia | Lack of adequate oxygen content in inspired air |
| internal intercostals | secondary muscle for expiration |
| Larnyx | enlargement at the top of the trachea; functions as a passageway for air, prevents foreign objects from entering trachea, houses vocal cords |
| Lobectomy | excision of one or more lobes |
| lung divisions | right has 3 lobes, left has 2; each divided into 10 bronchopulmonary segments |
| Lung Transplantation | Involves the removal of one or both diseased lungs and the replacement. |
| lung volume reduction surgery | treatment for severe pulmonary emphysema |
| lungs location | base rests on diaphragm, apex extends above first rib |
| lungs main function | exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen |
| Median sternotomy | midline incision into the sternum |
| Median Sternotomy Incision | Made over the length of the sternum from gladiolus to xiphoid process, used for mediastinal surgery such as thymectomy. *Requires transection of the sternum with powered saw. |
| Mediastinoscopy | enables visualization of the contents of the mediastinum, usually for the purpose of obtaining a biopsy |
| Modified supine/dorsal recumbent, supine, lateral, semi-lateral | positions for thoracic surgery |
| Parietal pleura | attached to the chest wall |
| Pectus Carinatum | An abnormality of the chest in which the sternum (breastbone) is pushed outward, pigeons chest |
| Pectus excavatum | a funnel shaped depression of the lower end of the sternum; most common congenital chest deformity |
| Pericardectomy/Pericardial Window | A surgical cardiac procedure that removes all or part of the pericardium. Performed for patients with thickened fibrotic pericardium. |
| Pleura | serous membrane surrounding the lungs |
| pleural cavity | space between the visceral and parietal pleura; has negative pressure |
| Pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid between the pleural space |
| Pleural Effusion | Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the intrapleural space of the lungs |
| Pneumonectomy | removal of an entire lung, typically done for malignant neoplasm |
| Pneumothorax | Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung on the affected side. |
| Pneumothroax | accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung on the affected side |
| posterolateral incision | most common approach for major lung procedures |
| Posterolateral Thoracotomy Incision | Made over the rib or intercostal space and may or may not involve rib resection. |
| Pulmonary Functions test | measures lung ventilation volume |
| Reserve volume (or air) | Maximum volume of air that can be expired from the resting expiratory level |
| Residual volume (or air) | Volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | absence, impairment, or removal of surfactant lining the alveoli of the lungs |
| respiratory pathway | Bronchus- bifurcation- enters lung- lobar bronchi- segmental bronchi- bronchioles- alveolar duct- alveoli surrounded by capillaries |
| Right - 3 Left - 2 | How many lobes are in the right lung? Left? |
| Rigid Bronchoscope | used to remove large tissue or foreign bodies |
| Scalene/Supraclavicular Lymph Node Biopsy | Biopsy to diagnose bronchial carcinomas or esophageal cancer |
| Segmentectomy | removal of one or more anatomic subdivisions of the pumonary lobe, most commonly performed for bronchiesctasis |
| Single lung transplantation | For restrictive lung disease, emphysema, pulmonary hypertension. |
| Stents | t-tube or t-y bifurcation prosthesis |
| TB skin test | Used to verify presence of particular active or dormant bacteria based on a positive reaction. |
| the heart lies | slightly to the left in the mediastinum |
| Thoracic cavity | the space between the neck and the diaphragm |
| thoracic outlet | space bounded by the first rib, manubrium, and thoracic vertebrae |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | A condition due to compromise of blood vessels or nerve fibers between the armpit (axilla) and base of the neck, usually due to compression. |
| Thoracoabdominal Incision | Extends from axilla to abdominal midline, running parallel to the selected intercostal space (commonly 6th, 7th, or 8th) and may extend to the posterior axillary line from within the thoracic cavity. |
| Thoracoplasty | Surgical removal of ribs to gain access during surgery or to collapse the chest wall and a diseased lung. (Repairative or plastic surgery performed on the thorax). Used primarily in the treatment of chronic thoracic empyema. |
| Thoracoscopy | uses an endoscope to visually examine the pleura, lungs, and mediastinum and to obtain tissue for testing purposes |
| Thoracostomy | insertion of a chest tube for aspiration of air, blood or fluid from the pleural cavity |
| Thoracotomy | incision into the chest wall for the purpose of operating on the lung; entrance is through 5th intercostal space |
| Thymectomy | surgical removal of the thymus gland |
| Tidal volume (or air) | Amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal quiet breathing |
| Trachea | formed with hyaline cartilage with a strong layer of transverse smooth muscle within the dorsal wall and lined with mucous membrane. |
| Tracheal Bifurcation | The division of the trachea into the right and left bronchi |
| True Ribs | The first 7 seven pair. |
| Upper manubrium, Central gladiolus, Lower xiphoid cartilage. | Three portions of the sternum |
| Visceral pleura | attached to the lung |
| Vital capacity | The greatest amount of air that can be expelled after a maximum inspiration |
| Wedge resection | removal of a wedge shaped section without regard for intersegmental planes |
