| A | B |
|---|
| abstinence | avoiding or abstaining from sexual intercourse |
| adoption | legal process in which people obtain the permanent right to raise a child not biologically their own as if they were the natural parents. |
| alternative birth center | a homelike facility separate from any hospital, fir giving birth |
| amniocentesis | the process of withdrawing a sample of the amniotic fluid surrounding an unborn baby with a special needle and testing that fluid for indications of specific birth defects |
| anemia | a condition caused by lack of iron, which results in poor appetite, tiredness,and weakness |
| apgar scale | a method of evaluating a newborn's physical condition. The infant is rated on a scal from 0 to 2 on five items: pulse, breathing, muscle tone, responsiveness, and skin color |
| birth defect | an abnormality, present at birth, that affects the structure or function of the body |
| bonding | the process of forming lifelong emotional ties |
| budget | a spending plan that includes fixed and flexible expenses and income |
| caregiver | anyone who cares for a child, whether on a long-term or short-term basis |
| cervix | the lower part of the uterus |
| cesarean birth | delivery of a baby through a surgical incision int he mother's abdomen |
| child abuse | the physical and/or emotional mistreatment of a child |
| colostrum | the first breast milk secreted from the mother's breasts shortly before and after birth, this precedes the milk flow and provides the newborn with nourishment and antibodies to help protect against disease |
| conception | the union of an ovum and a sperm, resulting in the beginning of pregnancy |
| delivery | the birth itself |
| diaper rash | patches of rough, irritated skin in the diaper area |
| discipline | the task of helping children learn to behave in acceptable ways |
| emotional development | the process of learning to recognize and express one's feelings and learning to establish one's identity and individuality |
| failure to thrive | a condition in which the baby does not grow and develop properly |
| fetal alcohol syndrome | a condition of physical deformities and cognitive problems resulting from a mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy |
| formula | a misture of milk or milk substitutes and added nutrients |
| grasp reflex | the automatic response of a newborn's hand to close over anything that comes in contact with the baby's palm |
| immunize | to protect a person against a particular disease, usually by giving a vaccine |
| labor | the process by which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born |
| miscarriage | the natural ending of a pregnancy before the embryo or fetus could possibly survive |
| nurturing | providing love, support, attention, and encouragement |
| obstetrician | a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and birth |
| pediatrician | a doctor who specializes in the care of babies and young children |
| placenta | the tissue that connects the scs around the unborn baby to the mother's uterus |
| positive reinforcement | a response that encourages a particular behavior |
| postnatal | after the baby's born |
| prepared childbirth | a method of giving birth in which pain is reduced through the elimination of fear and the use of special conditioning exercise |
| reflexes | instinctive, automatic responses, such as sneezing and yawning |
| rooming-in | an arrangement in which the baby stays in the mother's room, rather than in a hospital nursery, after birth |
| rooting reflex | a newborn's automatic response, when touched on the lips or cheek, of turning toward the touch and beginning to suck |
| separation anxiety | a fear of being away from parents, familiar caregivers, or their normal environment |
| social development | the process of learning to interact with others and to express one's self to others |
| startle reflex | a newborn's automatic physical response - legs thrown up, fingers spread, legs extened and then brought rapidly back to the middle while the fingers close in a grasping action - to a loud noise or to a touch on the stomach |
| stillbirth | the natural ending of a pregnancy after 20 weeks |
| stranger anxiety | a fear, usually expressed by crying, of unfamiliar people |
| temper tantrums | incidents in which children release their anger or frustration by screaming, crying, kicking, pounding, and sometimes even holding their breath |
| temperament | style of reacting tot he world and of relating to others |
| time-out | a short period of time spent sitting away from the presence of others or from the center of activity |
| ultrasound | a technique of using sound waves to make a video image of an unborn baby to check for specific health problems |
| umbilical cord | a long tube that connects tha placenta to the unborn baby, and through which nourishment and oxygen are carried to the baby |
| uterus | the organ ina woman's body in which a baby develops during pregnancy |
