| A | B |
|---|
| Edict of Nantes | by Henry IV in 1598 to try and gain protestant confidence; granted huguenots liberty; prepared for French absolutism; created temporary religious toleration to secure reunification of French under Roman Catholicism; revoked by Louis XIV in 1685 |
| English Cabinet System | leading ministers (members of majority in the House of Commons) formed policies by consensus and ran the country's business; these leaders had legislative and executive powers; decreased monarch's power |
| The Instrument of Government | constitution prepared by English army in 1653; called for Parliament meetings at least every 3 years; gave governing body sole power to raise taxes; destroyed by Cromwell who imposed semi-martial law |
| Fronde | civil wars of Frnce from 1648-1653 that included anyone opposing government policies |
| Absolutism | when sovreignty is in the ruler; monarchs had "divine right"; monarchs regulated religious sects and abolished some liberties; had cooperation of nobles |
| League of Augsburg | a coalition against France in Louis XIV's wars; included Hapsburgs, Spain, Sweden, Bavaria, Saxony, Palatinate, England; William of Orange was the leader; wasnt very successful |
| "The Grand Century" | term for second half of 17th century when Louis XIV ruled |
| Constitutionalism | limitation of government by law that implies balance between power of government and liberties of people |
| Sovreignty | when a state possesses a monopoly over justice system and use of force within certain boundaries |
| Paulette | annual fee pain by royal officials to guarantee hereditary in their offices; placed by Henry VI of France for compensation of lost revenues; from 1602-1604 |
| Navigation Act | enforced by Cromwell; required English goods to be transported on English ships; boosted merchant marine; led to small rivalry war with Dutch |
| Constitutional Republic | form of government when power is in electorate and is exercised by those elected by the people (representatives) |
| Servicos | Spanish national taxes mostly affecting the poor |
| Generalities | 32 districts of France developed by Cardinal Richelieu; each governed by royal intendant who transmitted information to the capital |
| Totolitarianism | different from absolutism, seeks to direct state's culture in interests of the state |
| "L'etat, c'est moi!" | spoken by Louis XIV; absolutist mind; means "I am the state" |
| French Academy | result of Cardinal Richelieu's efforts to centralize France, in 1635 recognized philologists; beginning of standardization of French dictionary |
| "Ship money" | tax established by Charles I requiring inland and coastal counties to pay for ships for defense |
| "Cabal" | body of 5 members acting as a liason between executive and legislative branches of government (royalty and parlaiment); established by Charles II because he didnt want rivalry with parlaiment |
| War of the Spanish Succession | war ensued when Charles II died and left Spanish throne to grandson Philip of Anjou thus uniting the kingdoms of France and Spain and upsetting the balance of power; ended with the Treaty of Utrecht |
| Bill of Rights | written as the base of the British constitution in 1689; laws to be created by parlaiment and not challenged by monarch; parlaiment has to meet every 3 years; monarch not to interfere with elections; no standing army in peace time |
| The Glorious Revolution | 1688-1689; William and Mary took over rule in England with encouragement of parlaiment; established shared sovreignty between parlaiment and monarchy; marked end of rule by divine right; Protestant reign prevented possible Catholic dynasty from her father, James II |
| English Civil War | 1642-1649; caused by conflict of sovreignty (parlaiment or king); war didnt help problem and ended with Charles I being executed |
| Franchise | "the vote"; key part of democratic government |
| Constitutional Monarchy | monarchy limited by constitution; established by England in 1690s |
| French Classicism | art and literature of age of Louis XIV; imitation of classical subject matter |
| Mercantilism | collection of government policies for regulation of economic activities (especially commercial); Jean-Baptiste Colbert applied this to France |
