| A | B |
|---|
| Patent & Trademark Office | you invent something & want to protect people from stealing/taking credit for your idea - you go to this place so it doesn't happen |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 | ended the Spoils System - because of this act it wasn't WHO you knew, but WHAT you knew - usually you had to take a test & compete for scores against everyone else |
| proletariat | workers |
| Pullman Strike of 1894 | Railroad cars (with beds were made in 1 town) - railroad strike: wage cuts, layoffs, BUT prices stayed at the same level |
| Railroad Strike of 1877 | railroad strike over wage cuts, & layoffs |
| layoffs | when people lose their jobs, yet it wasn't their fault |
| wages | how much money you earn |
| Progressive Movement | reformers - people who wanted to correct the abuses of business against workers (working conditions, child labor, hours) |
| Robber Barons | people who got rich from owning a HUGE business - but did whatever it took & whoever they hurt didn't matter |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | outlawed companies combining into 1 & thus controlling the market |
| single proprietorship | a company is owned by 1 person: they can keep profits, but also could lose everything if it went under |
| Social Darwinism | "survival of the fittest" |
| socialism | government controls key industries/resources such as hospitals, fire departments, water companies, post office, electric companies: but people pay high taxes |
| Spoils System | you get a job based on WHO you know, NOT what you know |
| Standard Oil | one of the first MAJOR oil CORPORATIONS - late 1800s |
| Statue of Liberty | given to the United States by France, it was seen by immigrants coming into New York City - it meant that they had ARRIVED in America |
| steerage | a large open area in ships where people/immigrants slept when on ships crossing the Atlantic Ocean |
| stock | people buy them to invest in companies - companies sell them to make money they can use to develop the company |
| Tammany Hall | a NYC political machine |
| technological revolution | late 1800s, possibly also late 1900s - a time of many inventions - made life easier: the refrigerator, the car |
| the Wobblies | a nickname for UNskilled workers |
| Transcontinental Railroad | it was built in the 1860s - it connected the Midwest (Nebraska) to the West Coast (Sacramento, California) |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) | it proved how dangerous working conditions were: people died; States started regulating hours & types of work allowed by people |
| regulate | to control, to manage |
| trust | a combination of companies - results in INCREASE in profits, reduces competition |
| Tweed Ring | a political machine in NYC in the late 1890s |
| Union Pacific Railroad | it crossed the Rocky Mountains |
| urbanization | people moving to cities, apartments/tenements springing up/ factories also being built |
| vertical consolidation | when 1 company controls all of the phases of a product - from raw materials to factories to selling it in stores |
| Wabash, St. Louis, & Pacific v. Illinois | Supreme Court case: Federal/US Government started regulating RR rates - how much charge per mile/distance |
| Western Union | the first telegraph company |
| Whiskey Fraud Ring | St. Louis liquor company + Treasury Officials cheat the government out of taxes |
| yellow dog contracts | people/workers are forced to sign a paper saying they won't join a Union |
| Adam Smith | he wrote the "Wealth of Nations" - said Government should keep its hands off business, business can regulate itself |
| laissez-faire | it says government should LEAVE business alone - business will regualate itself/themselves |
