| A | B |
|---|
| hemisphere | half of a sphere |
| latitude | distance north or south of the equator |
| longitude | distance east or west of the prime meridian |
| grid system | series of lines that cross each other |
| absolute location | position on the earth measured by latitude and longitude |
| great circle route | the shortest distance between places on the earth |
| key | unlocks information on a map |
| cardinal direction | north, south, east, west |
| compass rose | direction indicator used on a map |
| intermediate direction | northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest |
| scale | relative distance shown on a map |
| elevation | height of an area above sea level |
| population density | average number of people living in a given area |
| axis | vertical or horizontal line along the bottom or side of a graph |
| climate | the long-term weather patterns |
| sphere | the shape of the earth or a globe |
| Equator | divides the earth into northern and southern hemispheres |
| Prime Meridian | divides the earth into eastern and western hemispheres |
| parallels | circle the earth and show latitude |
| Tropic of Cancer | 23 1/2 degrees north of the equator |
| Tropic of Capricorn | 23 1/2 degrees south latitude |
| Arctic Circle | 66 1/2 degrees north of the equator |
| Antarctic Circle | 66 1/2 degrees south latitude |
| meridians | run north and south from pole to pole |
| International Dateline | the 180 degree longitude line |
| political map | shows man-made features like countries or regions |
| physical map | shows natural features of the earth |
| contour map | uses lines to show the elevation of places |
| region | an area that is sdefined by common characteristics |
| location | where something can be found on Earth |
| place | describes what a location looks like |
| Human-Environment Interaction | how people interact with the environment |
| movement | how people, ideas, and goods move between places |
| cartographers | people who make maps |
| ante meridian | before noon |
| post meridian | after noon |
| 15 degrees of longitude | equals one hour |
| 1 degree of longitude | equals 4 minutes |
| Torrid | Low latitude zone |
| Frigid | High latitude zone |
| Temperate | Middle latitude zone |
| 10 degrees | every line of latitude |
| 15 degrees | every line of longitude |
| counterclockwise | earth rotates on its axis |
| cataract | a large, powerful waterfall |
| isthmus | a narrow strip of land connecting two large land masses |
| butte | a raised, flat area of land with steep sides, smaller than a mesa |
| harbor | a sheltered area of water, deep enough for docking ships |
| marsh | a soft, wet, low-lying grassy area located between water and dry land |
| swamp | an area of land that is saturated by water |
| strait | a narrow strip of water connecting two large bodies of water |
| steppe | a wide, treeless plain |
| canyon | a deep, narrow valley with steep sides |
| prairie | a large, level area of grassland with few or no trees |
| cliff | the steep, almost vertical edge of a hill, mountain, or plain |
