| A | B |
|---|
| genetic engineering | the engineering of a set of genetic changes direcly into an organism's DNA |
| restriction enzymes | proteins that can cut genes at specific DNA sequences |
| 75 | Number of restriction enzymes known |
| each restriction enzyme recognizes a sight... | 4-6 nucleotide pairs long |
| Restriction enzymes make it possible to cut DNA into fragments that can be... | isolated, sparated, and analyzed |
| DNA fragments must become | part of the genetic material before they can be activated |
| In the 2nd step of genetic engineering... | DNA fragments are incorporated into part of the recipient cell's genetic material |
| Plasmids | small circular DNA molecules found in bacteria cells in addition to their chromosones |
| Plasmids | can be cut using the same restriction enzymes used to produce DNA fragments |
| cuts made by restriction enzymes on the DNA fragments and the plastids | sticky cuts |
| sights where the DNA fragments and the plastids can be joined forming a new plastid containing a piece of foreign DNA | sticky ends |
| the combined DNA consists of | parts from different kinds of organisms |
| In genetic engineering, molecules of combined DNA are known as | chimeras becuase they are produces by combining DNA from different species |
| combined DNA is also known as | recombinant DNA because DNA from two sources have been recombined to produce it |
| it is easiest to transfer DNA into | bacteria cells |
| the recombinant DNA is mixed with | thousands of bacteria suspened in a dense salt solution |
| The term for a large number of cells grown from a single cell is | clone |
| Using different techniques, recombinant DNA | can be inserted into cells other than bacteria-like yeast, animal, and plant cells |
| Injection with a glass needle is known as | microinjection |
| The number of strands used in the process of DNA sequencing | 1 |
| reading a piece of DNA is also known as | DNA sequencing |
| multiple copies of a single strand of DNA can be optained by | DNA cloning |
| DNA pieces are separated by a process called | electrophoresis |
| organisms that contain foreign genes are said to be | transgenic |
| protein that blocks the growth of viruses | interferon |
| Scientist that studied whether genes in animals can be made to work in plants | Steven Howell |
| enzyme that makes fireflies glow | luciferase |
| production of genetically identical organisms from single cells | cloning |
| the hepatits B vaccine was produced by | genetically engineering bacteria |
| all of the genes possesed by humans | genome |
| Fragments that contain repeats in DNA fingerprinting are labeled with | DNA probe |
| DNA samples can be obtained from | blood, sperm, and hair strands with small pieces of tissue at the base |
| selecting a few individuals to serve as parents for the next generation | selective breeding |
| individuals produced by hybridization that are hardier are known as | hybrid vigor |
