| A | B |
|---|
| attribution theory | theory of causal explanation of behavior; crediting the situation or the person's disposition |
| fundamental attribution error | tendency for observer to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
| bystander effect | tendency for bystanders to give less aid when there are more people around; more aid the fewer people around |
| diffusion of responsibility | suggesting that it's someone else's job to do something |
| evaluation apprehension | concern about how others will judge us; conform to what people may think |
| deindividuation | loss of one's sense of individuality and responsibility when in a group |
| risky shift phenomenon | danger is split among group members; fosters more risk taking behavior |
| identification | defining oneself in terms of the group; believe group views while you are with them |
| compliance | acting on a belief |
| reference group | group you identify with and provides standards of behavior |
| social facilitation | the improvement in performance of simple or well learned tasks that occurs when other people are present |
| social loafing | tendency for people in groups to exert less effort when pooling their efforts |
| Zimbardo prison study | Phil's study on power and aggression; the power of situation |
| scapegoating | group A blames group B for ills/problems; proposes that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by finding someone to blame |
| illusory correlation | only see relationships which support stereotype and ignore those that go against belief |
| discrimination | acting on prejudice |
| Leon Festinger | cognitive dissonance theory |
| cognitive dissonance | we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent; contradiction between beliefs and actions which must be justified or reconciled |
| Solomon Asch | conformity studies |
| normative social influence | influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
| Stanley Milgram | studies of compliance with authority |
| authority studies | "shock them" studies |
| compliance/conformity studies | "lines on cards" studies |
| factors involved in attraction | close physical proximity, similarity in values and attitudes, physical attractiveness |
| informational social influence | results when one goes along with a group when one is unsure or lacks information |
| group polarization | the enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies through discussion, which often has the effect of accentuating the group's differences from other groups; the tendency of a group to make more extreme decisions than the group members would make individually |
| groupthink | unrealistic thought processes and decision making that occurs within groups when the desire for group harmony becomes paramount |
| actor observer bias | impression formation; |
| self serving bias | impression formation; tendency to take more credit for good outcomes than for bad ones |
| foot in door technique | compliance technique; agree to a small request, more likely to agree to a larger request |
| lowball procedure | compliance technique; agree to do something, then raise the ante; ex: low price of a new car is offered then lower price of trade in is accepted and add extras to new car |
| door in face technique | compliance technique; big request gets 1st refusal then subject agrees to smaller 2nd request |
| altruistic behavior | helping behavior; unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| social psychology | scientific study of how people act in groups; how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| attitudes | personal beliefs and feelings that may predispose a person to respond in particular ways |
| conformity | tendency to change one's thinking or behavior to coincide with a group standard |
| prejudice | an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members |
| stereotype | a generalized belief about people |
| ingroup bias | tendency to favor one's own group |
| just world phenomenon | a manifestation of the commonly held belief that good is rewarded and evil is punished; the logic is indisputable to the thinker |
| mere exposure effect | the idea that repeated exposure to an unfamiliar stimulus increases our liking of it |
| superordinate goal | when groups are made to work toward a goal that benefitsall and necessitates the participation of all |
| pluralistic ignorance | people decide what constitutes appropriate behavior in a situation by looking at others as a guide |
| self disclosure | a person's sharing intimate feelings with another |
| companionate love | a deep, enduring, affectionate attachment |
| internalization | taking the reference group's beliefs as your own; even when not in their presence |
| collectivist cultures | the group ranks higher than the individual |
| social trap | situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior |
| social responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them (young children, elderly, disabled, etc) |
| GRIT | in conflict, a strategy designed to decrease international tension by reciprocated initiatives |
| Kurt Lewin | leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez faire |
| ethnocentricism | in group bias as applied to one's ehtnic group |
| belief perseverance | clinging to beliefs even if it has been discredited |
