| A | B |
|---|
| personality | the sum total of an individual's relatively organized, consistent and unique thoughts and reactions to the environment |
| psychoanalytic theory | school of thought emphasizing the role of the unconscious mind in developing personality |
| Freud | founder of psychoanalytic theory |
| unconscious | the part of the mind which stores our thoughts, feeling, wishes, impulses, etc. that we are not aware of at any given time |
| id | energy system present at birth; operates on the unconscious level, operates on the pleasure principle; focuses on sex and aggression |
| pleasure principle | id operates on this; emphasizes wanting all pleasure, not pain; give me what I want when I want it |
| super ego | operates on the preconscious level; develops around 18 mos; strives for perfection; acts as your conscience |
| ego ideal | super ego's desire to have you be a perfect person |
| preconscious | level of the mind which floats in and out of consciousness |
| ego | conscious level of a person's awareness; what the world sees; Freudian concept |
| reality principle | operating principle of the ego; trying to meet the demands of the id and superego in a healthy, realistic way |
| defense mechanisms | Freudian idea that the id doesn't want to feel pain so it sends these techniques to the ego to defend it from anxiety |
| displacement | defense mechanism; when you take energy out on someone or something other than the true source of your feelings |
| repression | motivated forgetting; putting thoughts in the unconscious |
| regression | defense mechanism; acting in a childlike manner |
| reaction formation | defense mechanism; acting the opposite of what you really feel |
| projection | defense mechanism; suggesting that someone else feels the way you really do |
| denial | defense mechanism; saying that something didn't happen |
| rationalization | defense mechanism; explaining away or justifying what you did |
| libido | sexual energy |
| oral stage | psychosexual stage where pleasure is derived from the mouth |
| anal stage | psychosexual stage where pleasure is derived by controlling anus |
| phallic stage | psychosexual stage where a child focuses on genitalia |
| Oedipal conflict | part of the phallic stage when boys unconsciously fall in love with their mothers and desire to get rid of their fathers |
| fear of castration | part of phallic stage when a boy unconsciously fears his father will find out he desires his mother and fears his father will castrate him |
| Electra Complex | part of phallic stage when girls unconsciously desire their fathers |
| penis envy | part of phallic stage when girls desire a penis in order to have a baby with father |
| latency | when a child sublimates rather than focus on unconscious sexual issues |
| sublimation | redirecting your sexual energy |
| genital stage | last psychosexual stage when person learns to give and receive mature love |
| Jung | psychoanalytic theorist; one time follower of Freud |
| personal unconscious | Jung's idea that a person has a personal/unique area of the mind which storehouses their personal memories and thoughts |
| collective unconscious | Jungian idea that every person and generation shares a part of their unconscious mind making us all connected |
| archetypes | universal memories stored in the collective unconscious |
| shadow | Jungian archetype that we have a "dark" side we don't show the world |
| persona | Jungian archetype that we have a face we show the world |
| anima/animus | Jungian archetype; feminine side of men; masculine side of women |
| introversion | personality trait marked by withdrawn, shy inward behavior |
| extroversion | personality trait marked by outward, "life of the party", outgoing behavior |
| social psychoanalytical/neo-Freudian theory | school of thought which recognizes the unconscious, but focuses on environmental factors which affect personality |
| Adler | neo-Freud focusing on the role of inferiority in developing personality |
| inferiority | Adlerian idea suggesting we feel "less than" others; we don't measure up |
| creative self | Adlerian concept in which we strive to be a fulfilled person who has lived up to their potential |
| striving for superiority | Adlerian concept which suggests that to overcome inferiority we try to please others or society |
| free will | Adlerian concept where we try to please ourselves to overcome inferiority |
| lifestyle | Adlerian concept of the choice you make in terms of the way you overcome inferiority in an effort to achieve your creative self |
| Fromm | neo-Freud who focuses on the idea that freedom leads to lonliness |
| need to belong | Fromm's idea that we need to feel as though we fit in; in many cases we conform |
| need for an identity | Fromm idea that we need to be seen as a unique individual |
| Horney | neo-Freud; focuses on the role of the parent child relationship and security/insecurity in determining personality |
| insecurity | Horney idea that we feel unsafe and unsure and that it is the parents' responsibility to provide a sense of security |
| basic hostility/basic anxiety | Horney idea that when we feel insecure we will feel this |
| coping mechanisms | Horney idea that we use these techniques when we feel insecure |
| moving away from others | coping mechanism where you choose to isolate yourself from others when you feel insecure |
| moving toward others | coping mechanisms where you look for sympathy, cling to others, are permiscuous, etc when you feel insecure |
| moving against others | coping mechanism where you are aggressive and domineering toward others when you feel insecure |
| Sullivan | neo-Freud; believes personality is defined by interpersonal relationships |
| interpersonal relationships | relationships we have with others |
| dynamism | Sullivan idea; the small habits we have in a relationship |
| personification | Sullivan idea; the labels we attach to relationships and act accordingly |
| cognitive processes | Sullivan ideas; the ways in which we see someone as a unique individual |
| trait/type theory | school of thought focusing on predisposed traits and types in personality |
| Allport | trait/type theorist who focuses on traits making up your disposition |
| common traits | traits that are representative in a culture or ethnic group of people |
| special traits | traits which are unique to a person |
| cardinal disposition | Allport idea that some people have one or more traits which define everything about them |
| central disposition | the 5-10 traits which define who we are |
| secondary disposition | Allport idea; our likes and dislikes that are part of our personality |
| Sheldon | trait/type theorist focusing on somatotypes defining personality |
| somatotype | body type |
| endomorph | round body, soft; characterized by friendly,laid back personality |
| mesomorph | angular, hard body; characterized by aggressive confident, assertive personality |
| ectomorph | thin, angular body; characterized by withdrawn, shy personality |
| behaviorism | school of thought suggesting personality is learned |
| Skinner | behaviorist who focuses on the role of reinforcement and operant conditioning in personality |
| reinforcement | increasing a behavior by giving something someone wants or taking away what they don't want |
| Bandura | behaviorist that focuses on the role of modeling in personality |
| Social Learning theory | Bandura's theory of modeling |
| self efficacy | Bandura's idea of whether or not we believe our efforts make a difference |
| Rotter | cognitive behaviorist |
| locus of control | Rotter's idea of where we believe the responsibility of behavior resides: internally or externally |
| humanism | school of thought focusing on the role of free will in determining personality |
| Maslow | humanist who focuses on the role of our hierarchy of needs in determining behavior |
| hierarcy of needs | Maslow's idea that our personality is reflected in how we meet our needs (physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, self actualization) |
| Rogers | humanist focusing on the goodness of people and free will |
| phenomenological field | Rogers idea of what we are experiencing at the moment |
| self | self concept; what we choose to believe is reality |
| organism | Rogers idea; the reality of who we really are |
| positive regard | Rogers idea; compliments and other positive statements made to people |
| unconditional positive regard | Rogers idea; when someone loves us no matter what |
| conditions of worth | Rogers idea; verbal or non verbal statements made that indicate someone will only like us "if..." |
| congruence | Rogers idea; when the self and organism matchup |
| incongruence | Rogers idea; when the self and organism don't match up; can lead to mental illness |
| fully functioning person | Rogers idea; when you achieve congruence; goal for mental health |
| eclectic | taking a little bit from different theories |
| reciprocal determinism | Bandura's idea that personality is an interaction between traits, environment and behavior |
| Big 5 traits | agreeableness, conscientiousness, openess, emotional stability, extraversion |
| McCrae and Costa | Big 5 personality traits |
| identification | incorporating your parents' values into your superego |
| compensation | defense mechanism; concealing undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable ones |
| Myers-Briggs Type Indicator | classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types |
| terror management theory | unconscious defrending ourselves from anxiety and vulnerability to death |
| spotlight effect | overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders |
| person situation controversy | we look for genuine personality traits that persists over time and across siutation |
