| A | B |
|---|
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Results in acidosis, found in Type I diabetes |
| fasting glucose | blood sugar level after fasting for more than 8 hours |
| sulfonylurea | oral antidiabetic medication |
| Type 2 Diabetes | insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion |
| ketone | breakdown of fatty acids |
| hyperglycemia | fasting glucose level greater than 126 mg/dl |
| hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic | associated with polyuria and severe dehydration |
| gestational diabetes | onset during pregnancy |
| osmotic diuresis | glucose excreted in urine accompanied by fluid and electrolyte losses |
| insulin | inhibits glycogenolysis |
| postprandial | after meal glucose level |
| ketone bodies | acids that disturb the acid-base balance |
| glycosylated hemaglobin test | determines glucose levels over a period of 3 months |
| carbohydrates | ADA recommendation of 50-60% |
| fat | ADA recommendation of 20-30% |
| protein | ADA recommendation of 10-20% |
| self-monitoring of blood glucose | enables client to adjust treatment regimen to obtain optimal glucose control |
| insulin | secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhons |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low glucose levels falling below 50 to 60 mg/dl |
| hypoglycemia | sweating, tremor, tachycardia, palpatation, nervousness, and hunger |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, and acidosis |
| Kussmaul respirations | occurs with elevated ketone levels |
| insulin waning | rise in glucose from bedtime to morning |
| Dawn Phenomenon | normal glucose until 3 am when level begins to rise |
| Somogi Effect | normal or elevated glucose at bedtime becoming hypoglycemic at 2-3 AM, then a subsequent increase in glucose |
| Rapid Acting Insulin | onset 10-15 minutes, peaks in one hour |
| Regular Insulin | onset 1/2 to one hour, peaks in 2-3 hours |
| Intermediate Acting Insulin | onset 3-4 hours, peaks in 4-12 hours |
| Long Acting Insulin | onset 6-8 hours, peaks in 12-16 hours |
| Glucagon | adminstered sub-q or IM for clients that cannot swallow or who are unconscious |
