| A | B |
|---|
| John C. Calhoun | A former War Hawk from South Carolina, he was the Secretary of War under James Monroe-criticized Jackson's invasion of Florida. Vice President for both Adams and Jackson. Most known for his role in the Nullification Crisis (ex: South Carolina Exposition and Protest, Jefferson Day Dinner, Peggy Eaton Affair). Member of the "Great Triumvirate ." |
| Daniel Webster | Member of the Great Triumvirate from New England. Consistent champion of the Union (ex: Webster-Hayne Debates-1830). Whig. |
| Henry Clay | Main orchestrator of the Missouri Compromise, architect of the American System, and a helper in the Treaty of Ghent. He was an enemy of Andrew Jackson and helped Adams win the presidency in the Election of 1824 with the "corrupt bargain". He was a Whig and for the American Bank. Came through with a compromise do diffuse the Nullification Crisis. |
| John Quincy Adams | Won the presidency in the Election of 1824 and was the architect of the Monroe Doctrine. He was the Secretary of State under James Monroe and improved relations with Great Britain. Part of the "corrupt bargain" with Henry Clay. Lost the election 1828 to Andrew Jackson and had trouble passing legislation because Jackson followers dominated Congress. |
| Andrew Jackson | A general in the War of 1812, Jackson was the general in the Battles of Horseshoe Bend and New Orleans. Was for the mass democracy. Lost the Election of 1824 ("Corrupt Bargain") and won the Election of 1828. Ended the Nullification Crisis, the American Bank, and administered the Indian Removal. Used his veto power to extend the power of the president. Had a strong aversion to Henry Clay. |
| Martin Van Buren | 8th president of the United, States served from 1837-1841, and was the key organizer of the Democratic Party. His presidency is known as a failure because of the Panic of 1837. |
| Black Hawk | A Sauk and Fox leader of the 19th century- the Black Hawk War in Illinois. Was a war chief in the War of 1812 siding with the British |
| Osceola | Led a small band of warriors in the Second Seminole war |
| Nicholas Biddle | American banker and President of the Second Bank of the United States; efficiently managed the BUS. Sought Henry Clay to recharter the Bank 4 years early --> Bank War. |
| William Henry Harrison | The ninth President of the United States, an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office. In the Election of 1840 campaigned as a common man ("Log Cabin Campaign") and war hero ("Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"). |
| John Tyler | First Vice President to step up to Presidency after Harrison's death. Technically a Whig, but held Democratic beliefs. Alienated fellow Whigs so much that all members of cabinent except Webster resigned. |
| Alexis De Tocqueville | Frenchman who traveled throughout the colonies and made astute observations of American democracy and society. Democracy in America |
| Samuel Slater | The "Father of the American Factory System". Copied British factory plans and brought them to America. |
| Eli Whitney | Invented the cotton gin (1793), and improved upon the idea of interchangeable parts. |
| Cyrus McCormick | Developed the mechanical reaper (1834)- led to increasing efficiency growing wheat. |
| Elias Howe/ Isaac Singer | Developed the sewing machine. |
| Charles Goodyear | Discovered the process of vulcanizing rubber. |
| Samuel Colt | Developed the revolver that helped fight the Indians. |
| Robert Fulton | Developed and patented the first functional steamboat "The Clermont" (1807). |
| DeWitt Clinton | Governor of New York, who financed the Erie Canal. "Clinton's Ditch" |
| Samuel F.B. Morse | Helped invent the single wire telegraph system, Co-inventor of the Morse code, also a painter. |
| Cyrus Field | American businessman and created Atlantic telegraph company, laid the first telegraph cable across Atlantic in 1858 |
| John Deere | Inventor of the steel plow |
| Charles Grandison Finney/Peter Cartwright | Both were influencial preachers of the Second Great Awakening- Finney was probably more important. |
| William Miller | Influential American Baptist preacher, followers called Millerites. Incorrectly predicted the Second Coming. |
| Joseph Smith | Founder of the Latter Day Saints movement, Mormonism. Prosecuted for his beliefs and murdered in Illinois. |
| Brigham Young | The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah |
| Dorothea Dix | Reformer who worked to improve treatment of mentally ill; served as the superintendent of nurses for the Union in the Civil War |
| Lyman Beecher | Founded the American Temperance Society in 1826 |
| T.S. Arthur | Author of Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There (1854) |
| Neil S. Dow | Passed a prohibition law in 1851 that banned the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages |
| Horace Mann | Secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education who called for compulsory attendance laws, longer school years, and increased teacher salaries |
| William H. McGuffey | Wrote McGuffey's Readers: taught morals, ethics, in addition to academics |
| Noah Webster | Wrote An American Dictionary of the English Language |
| Lucretia Mott | Lucretia Mott was the first "feminist" in the 19th century, she was a social reformer for women suffrage. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Susan B. Anthony was a delegate with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, for the Seneca Falls Convention(1848). |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Prominent delegate at Seneca Falls Convention 1848. |
| Robert Owen | Founded New Harmony, Indiana in 1825, Scottish industrialist, communal land ownership. |
| John Humphrey Noyes | An American Utopian who founded the Oneida Community in 1848, and created the term "free love" ("complex marriage"). |
| Louis Agassiz | A Biologist from Switzerland who innovated study of the Earth's natural history |
| John J. Audubon | Attempted to paint and describe all the birds of America. For 50 years he was the country’s dominant wildlife artist. |
| William Morton | Discovered anesthesia, and put it to use in surgery. |
| Matthew Brady | Famous photographer whose pictures of the Civil War brought home the horrors of the Civil War. |
| Washington Irving | A famous American author, he wrote many popular short stories such as "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle." Member of the Knickerbocker Group. |
| James Fenimore Cooper | The first American novelist to gain fame in the rest of the world, specifically Europe. His Leatherstocking Tales and The Last of the Mohicans earned him widespread fame. |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | The best known of the Transcendentalists. He traveled the country giving speeches, notably "The American Scholar" (1837). He had a major influence as a philosopher and stressed self-reliance. |
| Henry David Thoreau | Wrote "Civil Disobedience", and influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi. |
| Walt Whitman | Wrote Leaves of Grass (1855), a collection of poems that emphasized democracy and the individual. |
| Edgar Allen Poe | Dark poet, wrote works such as, "The Raven", "The Fall of The House of Usher", and "The Murders in the Rue Morgue". |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne | Author who wrote The Scarlet Letter (1850), and The House of the Seven Gables (1851). |
| Herman Melville | He wrote Moby Dick in 1851. Served 18 months on a whaling ship. Wrote other books but Moby Dick was his masterpiece. |
