| A | B |
|---|
| Thermal energy | Sum of potential and Kinetic energy |
| Thermometers | measure temperature |
| Temperature | property proportional to the KE of a substance |
| Celcius | SI scale (not absolute) |
| Kelvin | SI absolute scale |
| 0 K | Absolute zero |
| Specific heat | Energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of substance 1 degree K |
| Heat | Energy that flows as a result of temperature difference |
| Conservation of energy | Heat of the system is the same before and after mixing (heat lost = heat gained) |
| Calorimeter | A device that holds energy |
| melting point of water | 0 C |
| boiling point of water | 100 C |
| melting point | temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
| boiling point | temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas |
| Heat of fusion | Energy required to melt 1 kg of substance |
| Heat of vaporization | Energy required to vaporize 1 kg of substance |
| Heat of solidification | Energy require to freeze 1 kg of substance |
| Heat of condensation | Heat to condense 1 kg of substance |
| 1st law of thermodynamics | Thermal energy = Q + W |
| 2nd law of thermodynamics | Natural processes increase the entropy of the universe ( A measure of disorder) |
| A heat engine | Converts thermal to mechanical energy |
| A heat pump or refrigerator | uses mechanical energy to transfer heat |
| Conduction | Transfer of kinetic energy |
| Convection | movement of fluids created by different temperatures |
| Radiation | transfer of energy through space in the form of electromagentic waves (not dependent on matter) |
| Celcius formula for conversion to Kelvin | K = C + 273 |
| Formula for conversion from C to F | Tf = (9/5) Tc + 32 |
| Oth law of thermodynamics | When mixed the hotter substance becomes cooler and the cooler substance becomes hotter. |
