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RNA, Transcription, & Translation Terms

AB
NucleotideMonomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
mRNACarries copies of genes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
rRNAType of RNA found in ribosomes
RNASingle-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
tRNAType of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
TranscriptionProcess in which part of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
RNA PolymeraseEnzyme that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription
IntronPart of DNA sequence that is removed during editing
ExonPart of DNA sequence that is NOT removed during editing
CodonThree-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
UracilNucleotide that replaces "thymine" in RNA
RiboseSugar that replaces "deoxyribose" in RNA
ThymineNucleotide that is replaced by "uracil" in RNA
NucleusCell organelle where mRNA is synthesized
CytoplasmPart of the cell where mRNA exits to
AnticodonRegion of 3 unpaired bases on one end of tRNA
Peptide BondBond that forms between amino acids
Hydrogen BondBond that holds together DNA strands
RibosomeSite of protein synthesis


Science Department Chair
Oswego High School
Oswego, IL

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