| A | B |
|---|
| technology | practical use of scientific information. |
| physical science | study of matter and science. |
| model | an idea,system,or structure that represents whatever you're trying to explain |
| observation | using your senses to gather information |
| hypothesis | a testable prediction |
| theory | an explanation based on many observations supported by experimental results |
| scientific laws | a rule of nature that sums up related observations and experemental results to describe a pattern in nature. |
| experiment | an organized precedure for teting a hypothesis |
| control | a standard for comparison |
| constant | a factor that doesn't vary in an experiment |
| indenpendant variable | the factor adjusted by the experimenter |
| dependant variable | a factor whose value depends upon the value of hte independant variable |
| standard | an exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison |
| SI | Internation System of Units |
| meter | SI base unit of length |
| volume | the amount of space occupied by an object |
| derived unit | units obtained by combining SI units |
| liter | slightly larger than a quart,equal to 1000 milliliters |
| mass | a measurement of the matter in an object |
| kilogram | SI unit of mass |
| density | the mass per unit volume of material |
| time | interval between two events |
| second | SI unit of time |
| kelvin | SI unit of temprature |
| graph | a visual display of information in business,sports,and many everyday situations |
| speed | rate of change in position |
| instantaneous speed | rate of motion at any given instant |
| constant speed | a speed that does not vary |
| average speed | total distance traveled divided by total time of travel |
| velocity | describes both speed and direction of an object |
| acceleration | rate of change of velocity |
| force | a push or a pull one body exerts on another |
| balanced forces | forces on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction |
| net force | always changes the velocity of an object |
| inertia | tendency of an object to resist any cange in it's motion |
| friction | the force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other |
| gravity | a force that all things exert on one another |
| weight | the measure of the force of gravity on an object |
| Newton's second law of motion | says that a net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force |
| air resistance | force air exerts on a moving object |
| terminal velocity | the highest velocity that will be reached by a falling object |
| projectile | anything that is hot or thrown through the air |
| centripetal acceleration | acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path |
| centrietal force | a force acting toward the center of a curved or circular path |
| artifical satellite | human made devices that orbit earth for a specific purpose |
| Newton's third law of motion | describes action-reaction pairs this way:when one object exerts a force on a second object,the second one exerts a force on the first that is equal in size and direction |
| momentum | a propert a moving object has because of the mass and velocity. |
| law of conservation of momentum | states that the total ammount of momentum of a group of objects does not change unless outside forces act on the objects |
| energy | the ability to cause change |
| kinetic energy | energy in the form of motion |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| work | the transfer of energy through motion |
| mechanical energy | total amount of kinetic and potnetial energy in a system |
| law of conservation of energy | energy may change form but it CANNOT be created or destroyed under ordinary conditions |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy or the particles in a sample of matter |
| thermal energy | the total energy or the particles in a material |
| heat | is the thermal energy that flows from something with a higher temperature to something with a lower temperature |
| thermal pollution | occurs when waste heat significantly changes the temperature of the enviroment |
| specific heat | the amount of energy it takes to raies the temperature of 1kg of material 1 kelvin. |
| conduction | the transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles |
| fluid | any material that flows |
| convection | the transfer of energy by bulk movement of matter |
| radiation | the transfer of energy in the form of waves |
| insulator | do not allow heat to move easily through them |
| radiator | a device with a large surface area designed to heat the air neair it by conduction |
| solar energy | energy from the sun |
| solar collector | devices that absorb radiant energy from the sun |
| heat engine | deviecs that convet thermal energy into mechanical energy |
| combustion | rapid burning |
| internal combustion engine | fuel burns inside the engine in chambers called cylinders |
| external combustion engine | fuel is burned outside the engine |
| heat mover | a device that removes thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another location at different temperature |
| ocean thermal energy conversion | a process that uses heat engines to convert differences in ocean water temperature into mechanical energy |
