| A | B |
|---|
| psyche | soul |
| logos | study of a subject |
| psychology | study of the mind; science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to pratical problems |
| consciousness | the awareness of immediate experience |
| Structuralism | based on the notion that task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related (sensations, feelings, images, etc) |
| Introspect | careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience |
| Functionalism | based on a belief that psychology should investigate the funtion or purpose of consciousness rather that its structure |
| Natural selection | heritable characteristics that provide survival or reproductive advantages are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations |
| Behaviorism | theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psyche should study only observable behavior(AKA stimulus-response psyche) |
| Behavior | refers to any overt response or activity by an organism |
| Stimulus | any detectable input from the environment |
| Unconscious | contains thoughts, memories, and dsires that are well below the furface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior |
| Psychoanalytic theory | explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on the unconscious determinants of behavior |
| Humanism | theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, esp. their freedom and potential for personal growth |
| Applied Psyche | the branch of psyche concerned with everyday practical problems |
| Clinical Psyche | concerned with diagnosis and treatment of psyche problems and disorders |
| Cognition | mental process involved in acquiring knowledge |
| Cognitive perspective | point out that peoples manipulations of mintal images surley influence how they behave |
| Biological perspeective | much of human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of bodily structuresand biochemical processes that allow organisms to behave |
| Ethnocentrism | tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways |
| Evolutionary psyche | examines behaviioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the courseof many generations |
| Psychiatry | branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders |
| Empiricism | the premise that knowledge should be acquired through obsevation |
| Theory | system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations |
| Culture | refres to the widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, instituions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations |
