| A | B |
|---|
| A.D and C.E. | Anno Domini(latin:in the year of our lord) Common Era…convey same dates(incorrectly remembered as "after death") |
| amino acid racemization | A method of dating objects up to a million years old. |
| anthopologists | Scientists who study the physical and cultural features of people. |
| anthopologists | Occupation of Mary and Louis Leaky. |
| archaeologists | Scientists who study the artifacts of past civilizations in order to understand their way of life. |
| artifact | Any object made by humans. |
| Artisan | Definition: a skilled worker. |
| astronomer | A scientist who studies heavenly bodies. |
| B.C. and B.C.E. | Before Christ or Before Common Era…conveys same date |
| barter | An economic system based on the trade of objects. |
| Bering Straits | This body of water which today separates North American and Asia was once thought to be a land bridge 25,000 years ago. |
| Bias | When a source conatins a slanted opinion or influence, usually unfairly; or is prejudiced. |
| bronze | A smelting of copper and tin makes .... |
| Bronze Age | the prehistoric period after the Stone Age. It lasted in different parts of Europe from about 3000 B.C. to about 1000 B.C. and was followed by the Iron Age. |
| Carbon-14 dating | A method of dating objects up to a million years old. |
| circa or .ca | Meaning around or about; an approximate period of time. |
| city | Civilization began with the development of the first ... |
| civilization | A high form of culture which includes a complex government, religion, economic system, education, etc. |
| Civilization | groups that have reached advanced stages in social development. (Advanced Cities, Advanced Technology, Complex Institutions, record keeping, Specialized Workers) |
| climate | A change in the predictable cycle of weather based on location. |
| Cultural Diffusion | The process whereby different groups pass goods, ideas, and knowledge through contact. |
| culture | Those customs, ideas, and ways of life which mark one group of people as distinct from others. |
| direction arrow | A marker on a map used to show which way is north. |
| Donald Johanson | The archeologist who discovered the famous remains of "Lucy" |
| Fertile Cresent | Land area running from the Persian Gulf northward to the Armenian Mts. and south along the Meditteranean Sea. |
| flint | A soft stone used by early man to produce tools with sharp cutting edges. |
| fossils | Any evidence of animal or plant life preserved in rock. |
| Geologists | Scientists who study the origin, formation, and changes in the earth. |
| Glaciers | Massive sheets of ice which spread over the earth during the ice ages. |
| Gobi | A great desert forming the northern natural boundary of China. |
| Himalaya Mountains | A mountain chain along the northern borders of India; the highest mountains in the world. |
| Historiography | The science of studying and writing about history. |
| History | Any written document makes up a part of ... |
| Hominids | The scientific term for "pre-humans." |
| Ice Ages | The advance and retreat of large glaciers over thousands of years make up this geological period. |
| Indus River | the longest river in Pakistan. rises in Tibet north of the Himalaya and empties into the Arabian Sea |
| irrigation systems | To supply land with water by artifical means. |
| Jarmo | the oldest permamnent agricultural settlement yet discovered, located in the Zagros Mtns. Of Northern Iraq |
| Landform | the physical characteristics of land; irregularities of land. mountains, valleys, peninsula) |
| Latitude | Lines running East and West, they are parallel |
| Legend | A term used to describe the meaning of colors and/or symbols used on a given map. |
| Loess | The yellowish silt of the Huang he river in China |
| Longitude | Lines running North and South |
| Lucy | The most complete skeletal remains of Australopithicus |
| Mary Leakey | Archelologist who discovered a sets of prehistorical hominid footprints. |
| Middle East | A geographical region between Europe and the Far East. Also called the Near East. |
| money | An economic definition of a medium of exchange. |
| Monotheism | The worship of a single god. |
| Neolithic Era | When man learned to live in villages with the aid of agriculture and domesticated animals. |
| Nile River | The longest river in the world |
| Nomads | People who move from place to place searching for new supplies of food. |
| Paleolithic | Old Stone Age, before the rise of agriculture and domestication of animals. |
| Periodization | The grouping of events into time frames to make understadning easier |
| Phoenetics | A language system based on symbols representing sounds not ideas. |
| Polytheism | The worship of many gods. |
| Potassium argon method | A method of dating objects billions of years old. |
| Potter's wheel | This invention allowed the creation of numerous clay storage vessels for grain and liquid surpluses. |
| Prehistory | The time before writing developed. |
| Presentism | Applying today's standards and morals to the past |
| Primary Source | A written record based on original experiences of people involved in an event or happening. |
| Religion | belief in God, gods, or other significant power(s), often expressed through custom and worship |
| Revisionism | When understanding of a historical event or period underogoes a change in contemporary understanding |
| river valleys | Locations of the First Civilizations |
| scale | A term used to describe the distance on a map into miles or kilometers. |
| Secondary source | Written records based on the writing or evidence of other people not directly involved in the event(s). |
| Silt | Deposits of fertile soil left by water, usually rivers, when it recedes |
| Slash and Burn Farming | Technique whereby the overgrowth is burned leaving a thin layer of fertile ash. |
| social mobility | A social class system which allows people to rise or fall in social status. |
| Specialization of Workers | Situation where individuals develop skills and knowledge specific to them and needed by the society as a whole, requiring cooperation. |
| Stone Age | That period of human history between .ca 500,000 and 10,000 B.C. in which prehistoric people relied on simple stone tools. |
| Stone Hedge | A neolithic site in Great Britain noted for its mysterious construction about 4,000 B.C. with large stone monoliths. |
| Tasaday | A prehistoric people recently discovered in the Phillippine Islands. |
| Technology | The use of knowledge to meet ones needs. |
| Theocracy | A government run by an agent of a god or gods. |
| Tigris and Euphrates | The two rivers od Mesopotamia flowing from Northern Iraq Southwest to the Persian Gulf |
| title | The term used to describe the purpose of a given map. |
| Yellow River | River in China, known as the "Yellow River" |
| Zagros Mountains | Range in Northern Iraq where conditions existed at the time of the Neolithic Revolution that favored agriculture |
