| A | B |
|---|
| effortful control | The ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination. |
| industry versus inferiority | The fourth of Erikson's eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior, competent or incompetent. |
| social comparison | The tendency to assess one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one's peers. |
| resilience | The capacity to adapt well despite significant adversity and to overcome serious stress. |
| familyfunction | The way a family works to meet the needs of its members. |
| family structure | The legal and genetic relationship among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, extended family, stepfamily, and so on. |
| nuclear family | A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18. |
| blended family | A stepparent family that includes children born to several families, such as the biological children from the spouses' previous marriages and the biological children of the new couple. |
| single-parent family | A family that consists of only one parent and his or her children under age 18. |
| extended family | A family consisting of parents, their children, and other relatives in one household. |
| polygamous family | A family consisting of one man, several wives, and the biological children of the men and wives. |
| culture of children | The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society. |
| social cognition | The ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior. |
| aggressive-rejected children | Children who are disliked by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior. |
| withdrawn-rejected children | Children who are disliked by peers because of their timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior. |
| bullying | Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person. |
| bully-victim | Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well. |
| preconventional moral reasoning | Kohlberg's first level of moral reasoning, emphasizing rewards and punishment. |
| conventional moral reasoning | Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning, emphasizing social rules. |
| postconventional moral reasoning | Kohlberg's third level of moral reasoning, emphasizing moral principles. |
