| A | B |
| geography | study of people, their environments, and their resources |
| history | an account of what has happened in the lives of different peoples |
| latitude | measure distance north and south from the equator |
| longitude | distance east and west from the Prime Meridian |
| irrigate | bring water to |
| cartographers | mapmakers |
| map projections | ways of drawing the Earth on a flat surface |
| hemisphere | half of the Earth |
| isthmus | narrow strip of land |
| mountains | high steep, rugged land |
| elevation | height above the surface of the Earth |
| relief | difference in height of land |
| plains | broad areas of fairly level land |
| plateaus | large raised areas of flat or gently rolling land |
| largest state | Alaska |
| smallest state | Rhode Island |
| Largest state by population | California |
| Smallest state by population | Wyoming |
| Longest river in US | Mississippi |
| Highest Moutain in US | Mt. Mckinley in Alaska |
| Lowest point in US | Death Valley in California |
| Largest lake in US | Lake Superior |
| Deepest lake in US | Crater Lake in Oregon |
| Isthmus of Panama | narrow strip of land joining North and South America |
| tributary | branch of a river |