| A | B |
|---|
| Atom | base unit of matter |
| proton | positive particle in the nucleus |
| electron | negative particle orbiting the nucleus |
| neutron | neutral particle in the nucleus |
| element | substance that cannot be broken down into simpler forms |
| symbol | one or two letter abbreviation, first is always capitalized, second lower case symbol |
| covalent bond | 2 atoms share a pair of electrons |
| ionic bond | one atom donates an electron to another |
| ion | charged particle (due to missing or extra electron) |
| compound | substance that consists of more than one element chemically combined |
| molecule | one particle of a compound....smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of that compoud |
| mixture | combination of substances that keep their original chemical properties |
| solution | mixture in which the substances are uniformly distributed |
| solute | the substance that is getting dissolved |
| solvent | the substance that is doing the dissolving |
| suspension | mixture in which particles are spread out, but settle out over time |
| colloid | suspensions that don't settle out |
| acid | a solution with a surplus of hydrogen ions (H+). pH<7 |
| base | a solution with a surplus of hydroxide ions (OH-). pH >7 |
| hydronium | H30+ |
| pH | a scale used to measure the strength of acids and bases |
| pH 7 | neutral |
| pH 0 - 6.9 | acid |
| pH 7.1 - 14 | base |
