| A | B |
|---|
| adipose tissue | Fat tissue; a connective tissue |
| atrophy | wasting away of tissue |
| Active Transport | A type of transport in which energy is used. The substance is pumped against the concentration gradient. |
| centriole | one tiny pair of cylinders in a cell that is involved with cell division |
| Complementary Base Pairing | The type of pairing that occurs between bases in nucleic acids. Adenine pairs with Thymine , Guanine pairs with cytosine |
| Cartilage | A form of connective tissue that has a firm consistency like that of plastic. |
| connective tissue | most abundant and widely distributed tissue inn the body; does severeal different jobs |
| cytoplasm | the gel-like substance of a cell in which the organelles live |
| DNA Replication | The process that the cell goes through to copy its DNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Chromatin | The material inside the nucleolus of the cell |
| epithelial tissue | covers the body and its parts; lines various parts of the body; cells come in 3 different shapes (squamous, cuboidal and columnar) and 7 different layerings. |
| Chromosomes | A tightly coiled DNA strand that exists in the nucleus of a cell |
| Mitosis | The process of copying a cell. It has 4 stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A single strand of nucleotides that is used to pass the message from the nucleus ot the ribosomes outside of the nucleus for protein formation. |
| gene | A region on a chromosome that codes for a protein |
| interstitial space/fluid | a fluid or area that is located between cells |
| Transcription | The process of copying DNA onto an RNA strand. Occurs inside of the nucleus |
| Translation | The process of taking an RNA strand and making it into protein. Occurs outside of the nucleus |
| neuron | Nerve cell |
| nuclear envelope | the boundary of the cell's nucleus, made up of a double layer of cellular membrane |
| organelles | intercellular organ |
| cilia | Hairlike projection from a cell |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of tools and membranes that manufacture proteins or ship things for processesing in the golgi. Two types: smooth and rough |
| flagellum | single projection from a cell that is used for movement |
| golgi aparatus | "the post office' of the cell. Used for modification and packaging of proteins and hormones that are to be sent around the cell or out of the cell |
| lysosome | "The garbage dump" of the cell. Used for storage of waste and breaking down of waste so that it can be used or shipped out of the cell. |
| microvillus | Small projections from cells that help increase surface area. Found in small intestine or any place where things must be absorbed. |
| mitochondrion | "The power house" of the cell. Cellular respiration occurs here to turn glucose into ATP so the cell can use it |
| nucleolus | The location of ribosome production |
| nucleus | The location of DNA |
| plasma membarne | The boarder between the cell and the outside world. Controls what comes in and out of the cell. |
| ribsoome | The "protein facotry". The location of protein synthesis |
| Interphase | The stage of the cell cycle in which the cell goes through a period of growth, copies its DNA and then goes through another period of growth. The end of this stage starts the beginning of Mitosis. |
| passive transport | Transport that does not require energy because things are moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Examples: Diffusion, osmosis and filtration |
| phospholipid | A lipid that contains one phosphate head and two lipid tails. These form two layers to form the plasma membrane of cells |
| Prophase | The chromatin condense into visible chromosomes, Chromatids become attached at the centromere, spindle fibers appear, The nucleolus and the nuclear envelope disappear. |
| sodium potassium pump | A pump used in nerve transmission that uses active transport to move things from low concetnraiton to high concentration across the plasma membrane |
| Metaphase | Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid, Chromosomes align across the center of the cell |
| Anaphase | The centromeres break apart. Chromosomes move away from the center of the cell, The cleavage furrow appears. |
| dialysis | A form of active transprt. A separation of particles from larger particles through a membrane. |
| diffusion | The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| filtration | movement of water and solutes through a mmembrane. A type of passive transport. |
| osmosis | The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concetnration to an area of high solute concentration so as to separate the ions. |
| phagocytosis | The trapping of a solid by a cells membrane and then "swallowing" the solid so that it enters the cell. |
| pinocytosis | The trapping of a liquid by a cells membrane and then "swallowing" the liquid so that it enters the cell. |
| Telophase | The nuclear envelope and both nuclei appear, The cytoplasm and organelles divide equally, The process of cell division is completed. |
| scar | thickened mass of fibrous tissue that remains after tissue has been repaired. |
| Hypertrophy | an increase in cell size |
| Fibrous Connective Tissue | A type of connective tissue that has a dense intercellular matrix. (it has a lot of proteins in it). |
| Bone | A hard type of connective tissue that helps form the structure of the human body. |
| Muscle Tissue | A type of tissue found in the human body. Helps with movement. There are three types: Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth |
| Skeletal Muscle Tissue | A type of muscle tissue that attaches to the bones and helps stabilize them |
| Cardiac Muscle Tissue | A type of muscle tissue that is found in the heart and helps the heart beat. |
| Smooth Muscle Tissue | A type of muscle tissue that helps with movement of limbs and fingers. |
| Nervous Tissue | A type of tissue that helps pass along messages through the body. |
| Regeneration | The reproduction of cells that have been destroyed or died. |
