| A | B |
| concentration camp | Prison-like enclosures for Jews during World War II. |
| Talmud | Part of the Jewish faith that young Wiesel studied before the German invasion. |
| Moshe the Beadle | Poor man in Sighet who mentored Wiesel in his Talmud studies. |
| Tzipora | Wiesel's younger sister. |
| Ghetto | Certain blocks in the town where strictly Jews lived. |
| Madame Schachter | Woman who went mad on the train to the concentration camps and disturbed the others with the "fires and furnaces" she saw. |
| Auschwitz | Concentration camp that the Wiesel family was sent to, considered the worst camp of the war. |
| Birkenau | "Reception center" for Auschwitz. |
| Franek | Bully in the camp who wants Wiesel's gold crown and bullys it from him by threatening his father. |
| Buna | Concentration camp after Auschwitz where the Wiesels spent the most time. |
| Gleiwitz | Camp the Germans marched their prisoners to avoid the Russian army and liberation. |
| Buchenwald | Final camp the Wiesels were sent to where Mr.Wiesel died. |
| Kapos | Men at the head of the blocks of prisoners. |
| SS | German soldiers in charge of selection, etc. |
| Juliek | Kind Polish violin player who dies while playing his violin on the the way to Gleiwitz. |
| A-7713 | Wiesel's number in the camps. |
| Red Army | Russian liberating army. |
| Selection | Process to eliminate all unfit prisoners. |