| A | B |
|---|
| saturated solution | a solution in which no more solute can dissolve |
| polar | when 2 or more atoms share a pair of electrons equally |
| PH scale | a numeric range that quantifies the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution |
| reactant | a compond or atom involved in a chemical reaction |
| isomer | one of two or more componds that differ in structure but not in molecular composition |
| lipid | a kind of organic compound that is insoluble in water, such as fats and steriods |
| nucliec acid | an organic molecule, DNA or rnA, that stores and carries important information for cell function |
| phospholipid | a complex lipid having two fatty acids joined by a molecule of glycerol |
| peptide bond | a covalent bond between two amino acids |
| aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| acid | anysubstance that increases the concentration of Hydrogen (H+) ions when added to a water solution |
| Base | any substance that increases the concentration to hydroxide (OH-)ions when added to a water solution |
| experiment | a test or trial to discover or illustrate something |
| solute | a sbstance dissolved in a solution |
| hydronium ion | the H3O+ ion |
| catalyst | a chemical that reduces the amount of activation energy needed for a reaction but is not a reaction |
| state | one of the three condition solid, liquid, or gas;in which matter exists |
| alkaline | of, like, or containing an alkali |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | a molecule present in all living cells and acting as an energy source for metabolic processes |
| alcohol | any of a group of colorless, flammable, organic compounds, such as wood alcohol |
| condensation reaction | a chemical reaction, also called dehydration synthesis, in which one molecule of water is produced |
| functional group | a sructural building block that dtermines the characteristics of a chemical compound |
| hydrolysis | the splitting of a molecule through reaction with water |
| macromolecule | a very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose |
| protein | an organic compound composed of one or more chains of polypeptides, which in turn are formed from amino acids |
| hydrophilic | water loving |
| polymer | a compound consisting of repeated linked monomers |
| nose piece | revolves, has the objective lenses on it |
| monomer | a repeated, single molecule unit in a polymer |
| organic compound | a compound that is derived from living things and contains carbon |
| theory | a broad and comprehensed statement of wht is believed to be true, supported by considerous experimental evidence resulting from many tests of related hypothesis |
| prediction | the act of predicting |
| model | a person or thing that serves as an example or standard for imition or comparison |
| observation | the act, practice, or power of seeing and noticing |
| emperimental group | designed to be identical expect for one factor (to control) |
| inference | something that in inferred; conclusion |
| transmission electron microscope | a microscope that transmits a beam of electrons rather that light through a thinly sliced speciman |
| stage | a platform in which the speciman is layed |
| control group | in an experiment a group or individual that serves as a stndard of comparison with another group or individual to which it is identical |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid composed of a single strand and distinguished from DNA by containing ribose nd uracil |
| substrate | a part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another, the reactant in any enzyme - catalyzed reaction |
| steriod | a lipid in which the molecule is composed of four carbon rings |
| hrdrphobic | water fearing |
| amino acid | a carboxylic acid with an amino group; one of 20 monomers that form protiens |
| carbohydrate | an organic compund present in the cells of all living things and major organic nurient for humans |
| dipeptide | a formation from two amino acids bonded together by means of a condensation reaction |
| disaccharide | a double sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| fatty acid | a monomer that is part of most lipids |
| nucleotide | a monomer of DNA and RNA, consistingof a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| wax | any of various fatty substances that come from plants or animals, such as bees wax or the wax that forms inside the ear |
| triglyceride | a lipid made of three fatty - acid molecules ans one glycerol molecule |
| polysacchride | a complex carbohdrate composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| polypeptide | a long chain of several amino acids |
| sampling | to test, examine, or judge by taking a sample |
| Data | information from which conclusions can be drwn; facts and figures |
| indepedent variable | only factor changed |
| hydroxide ion | the OH- ion |
| activation energy | amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to start and to continue on its own |
| enzyme | a catalyst, usually a protien in living systems |
| free energy | the energy in a system available for work |
| oxidation reaction | a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses one or more electrons becoming more positive in charge |
| solution | a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly dissolved in another substance |
| endergonic reaction | reaction that involve a net absorption of free energy |
| exergonic reaction | chemical reaction that involve a net release of free energy |
| hypothesis | a statement that can be tested experimentally |
| controlled experiment | a test of variables using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group |
| dependent variable | the responding variable in an experiment, measured by the experiments results |
| magnifacation | to increase the apparrent size of an object as with lens |
| ocular lens | in a microscope, the lens in the eyepiece |
| redox reaction | a chemical reaction in which a reactant gains one or more electrons, becoming more negative in charge |
| cohension | the attraction of like molecules to each other |
| capillarity | the reaction of a liquid surface with a solid; capillarity allows water to creep up the interior of a narrow vessel |
| adhesion | the attractive force between unlike sustance |
| hydrogen bond | a weak chemical bond between the hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negatively charged region of another molecule |
| derived unit | produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units or between two derived units |
| electron microscope | an instrument that uses a beam of electrons rather than electrons rather that a beam of light to enlarge the imge of an extremely small object so that it can be seen |
| compound light microscope | an instrument that magnifies small objects so they can be seen easily using two or more lenses |
| objective lens | a lens that magnifies the speciman |
| concentration | a measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed in a fixed amount of solvent |
| dissocation | the seperating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions |
| product | a compound formed by a chemical reaction |
| solvent | in a solution the substnce in which a solute is dissolved |
| reduction reaction | a chemical reaction in which a reactant gains one or more electrons,ecoming more negative in charge |
| resolution | the power of a microscope to show detail |
| base unit | one of seven fundamental units of SI measurements that describe length, mass, time, and other quantities |
| si | the scientific standard of measurement which employs a set of units that describe length, mass, time and other attributes of matter |
| buffer | chemical that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to a solution |
| energy | the capacity for doing work |
| scanning electrons microscope | a microscope that produces an enlarged image of the surface of an object with a beam of electron rather tham light |
| microscope | an instrument consisting of a combition of lenses, for making minut object, as microorganisms, look larger |
| power of magnification | in a microscope, the factor of enlargement |
