| A | B |
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| What key events caused France to establish a Royal Colony in New France just prior to 1663? | · Control over the fur trade returned to the Company of 100 Associates. (Prior to this control was with the Company of Habitants). Co. of Hab. Was in dept and could not support the colony.· The Iroquois attacks threatened to destroy the colony.· An appeal for help from France was sent in 1661. |
| Why was King Louis XIV interested in what happened in New France? | He was between ways in Europe and was eager to increase Franc’s power and wealth by sponsoring the colony. |
| What significant event happened in 1663? | He took control of New France away from the trading companies and governed New France directly from France, just as though it were another province in France. |
| King Louis XIV was an absolute monarch. What did this mean? | He had unlimited power of the people. Absolute Monarchs believe they have the right to rule given to them by God. Ruling fairly was part of the rulers responsibility. People had no role or influence in government affairs. |
| Who did King Louis XIV appoint to be in charge of France’s economy? | Jean-Baptiste Colbert (he never visited the colony) |
| What did Colbert see as New France’s greatest asset? | Mercantilism: New France was a source of inexpensive raw materials and a market for goods manufactured by France. |
| How did the colony of New France under Colbert’s rule deal with the Iroquois problem? | · They encouraged population growth by giving grants to families of over 10 children.· Give money or property to those who married early (20 for boys, 16 for girls) · Four thousand French settlers (1000 women) immigrated at government expense in 10 years. · Militia companies were formed (trained for emergency duty) |
| Colbert created a Sovereign Council of officials in New France. What was their role? | To carry out orders from the king |
| What influenced how much power Colbert and the King had? | The weather. It was a 6 or 7-month journey back to France in bad weather. This meant that the colony had more power than they were supposed to. |
| How long did this type of government remain? | Until 1763 when the British took over. |
| Who were the important Officials in New France? | · Governor General (represented the King) · The Bishop who represent the Roman Catholic church (ruled over priests and nuns, churches and schools) · The Intendant (was appointed from the nobility and supervised the day-to-day running of New France) |
| What was the main transporation route in New France? | The St. Lawrence River |
| Why was the land (seigneuries divided into long strips? | Everyone wanted land along the rivers of New France. Only when all the land along the rivers was used was a new strip of land started behind the land backing on to the river. |
| Who owned all the land in New France? | The King. He granted the use of the land to people who became seigneurs. The seigneurs brought in settlers called habitants to farm the land. Each had specific duties. |
| Were women allowed to own Seigneuries? | Yes |
| Who was Madeleine d’Allone? | One of New France’s first women seigneurs. |
| What was the advantage of the seigneurial system? | Provided great profits and cheat labour |
| Who increased in wealth and independence under this system? | The habitants. Land was plentiful so habitants were allowed to cultivate as much as their family could farm. Taxes if at all were low. |
| Why were nearly all the people in New France Roman Catholic? | Because of a law that allowed only Roman Catholics to New France. |
| What role did the church have in education? | The Church was the only source of education in New France. Boys worked the land, so girls were often more educated. |
| What role did the Church have in health care in New France? | The Church was the only institution in New France that cared for the sick, elderly and orphans. This work was done by the nuns. |
