| A | B |
|---|
| Analog | A way of representing some physical quantity, such as temperature or velocity, by a proportional continuous voltage or current. An analog voltage or current can have any value within a defined range. |
| Amplitude | The instantaneous voltage of a waveform. Often used to mean maximum amplitude, or peak voltage, or a pulse. |
| Atom | The smallest particle of an element that still has the same characteristics as the element. |
| Breadboard | A circuit board for wiring temporary circuits, usually used for prototypes or laboratory work. |
| Conductor | Any material that allows the free movement of electric changes, such as electrons, to provide an electric current. |
| Conventional Current | The direction of current flow associated with positive charge in motion. The current flow direction is from a positive to negative potential, which is in the opposite direction of electron flow. |
| Clock | Digital signal in the form of a rectangular pulse train or a square wave. |
| Current | A movement of electrical charges around a closed path or circuit. |
| Digital | A way of representing a physical quantity by a series of binary numbers. A digital representation can have only specific discrete values. |
| Digital Waveform | A series of logic 1s and 0s plotted as a function of time. |
| Digital Multi-Meter(DMM) | A piece of test equipment used to measure voltage, current, and resistance in an electronic circuit. |
| Duty Cycle (DC) | Fraction of the total period that a digital waveform is in the HIGH state. DC = th/T (often expressed as a percentage: %DC = th/Tx100%). |
| Electron | Basic particle of negative charge in orbit; around the nucleus in an atom. |
| Electron Flow | Current of negative charges in motion. Direction is from the negative terminal of the voltage source, through the external, circuit, and returning to the positive side of the source. Opposite to the direction of conventional current. |
| Falling Edge | The part of a pulse where the logic level is in transition from a HIGH to a LOW. |
| Frequency | The number of cycles per unit time of a periodic waveform. |
| Hertz (Hz) | Unit of frequency. One of these equals one cycle per second. |
| Insulator | A material that does not allow current to flow when voltage is applied because of its high resistance. |
| Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) | The algebraic sum of all currents into and out of any branch point in a circuit must equal zero. |
| Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) | The algebraic sum of all voltages around any closed path must equal zero. |
