| A | B |
|---|
| heredity | biological inheritance |
| pangenes | Tiny particles theorized by Democritus that controlled inheritance of particular traits |
| pangenisis | Also known as the "Theory of Acquired Charactreristics". Theory of Jean Baptiste Lamarck |
| Gregor Mendel | "Father of Genetics" |
| trait | A specific characteristic, such as seed color or height |
| hybrids | Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
| purebred | organisms that always produces the same traits in offspring |
| genes | factors that are passed from one generation to the next that control biological inheritance |
| Principle of Dominance | States that "some alleles are dominant and others are recessive" |
| probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Punnett Square | A tool used to represent possible gene combinations from a genetic cross |
| phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism |
| genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism |
| Incomplete dominance | One allele is not completely dominant over another |
| codominance | similar to incomplete dominance. Both alleles contribute to phenotype of organism |
| multiple alleles | More than two possible alleles exist for a trait (eg. blood type) |
| polygenic traits | traits produced by interaction of several genes (eg. human skin color) |
| meiosis | process by which gametes are made |
| diploid number | represented by symbol 2N. Number of chromosomes in body cells |
| haploid number | Represented by symblol N. Number of chromosomes in sex cells. |
| tetrads | when 2 pairs of chromosomes line up together in prophase I of meiosis. |
| crossing-over | Exchange of portions of chromatids takes place while tetrads. Exchange of genetic material takes place. |
| gene linkage | Genes on same chromosome almost always inherited together |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan | He experimented with Fruit flies and helped to discover gene-linkage |
| Drosophila melanogaster | Scientific name of fruit fly used in genetic experimentation |
