| A | B |
|---|
| Frederick Griffith | Coined the term "transformation" to describe the change in one strain of harmless bacteria into a disease causing strain |
| Avery | He repeated Griffith's experiment to discover the transforming factor and concluded that DNA carried the genetic code |
| Hershey-Chase | Experimented with radioactive markers to label DNA and proteins of bacteriophages |
| nucleotides | DNA is made up of units called _________. |
| purine bases | These bases include adenine and guanine |
| pyrimidines | These bases include cytosine and thymine |
| Chargaff's Rule | States that ratio of guanine:cytosine and adenine:thymine are equal |
| Watson and Crick | Constructed model of DNA molecule leading to Nobel Prize |
| double-helix | This is the structure of the DNA molecule |
| hydrogen bonds | These bonds are found between the base pairs and holds the two strands together in a DNA molecule |
| chromatin | Eukaryotic chromosomes are tightly packed together to for a substance called _________. |
| histones | These are the proteins that DNA coils around forming chromatin |
| replication | Process by which DNA makes duplicate of itself before the cell divides |
| ribose | Sugar found in RNA molecule |
| mRNA | This type of RNA is a disposable copy of DNA to carry instructions to the rest of the cell |
| rRNA | This type of RNA help to assemble proteins on ribosomes |
| tRNA | This type of RNA transfers amino acids to ribosomes to construct protein molecules |
| transcription | This process makes a complementary copy of RNA from DNA |
| nucleus | This is where the process of replication and transcription take place in a eukaryotic cell |
| translation | This process makes proteins |
| codon | 3-letter code for an amino acid on mRNA molecule |
| anticodon | This code is found on the tRNA molecule and is complementary to the codon on mRNA |
| stop codon | A polypeptide chan grows until the ribosome reaches a _________. |
| mutations | changes in DNA sequence that affect genetic information |
| gene mutations | mutations that result from a single gene |
| chromosomal mutation | This type of mutation involves changes in the number or structure of chromosomes |
| hybridization | _______ is the crossing of dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms |
| inbreeding | __________ is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics |
| transgenic organisms | These organisms contain genes from other organisms |
| cloning | When a member of a population of genetically identical cells is produced from a single cell |
