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| Layer | An image superimposed or separated from other parts of the photograph. |
| Transparent | You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the layers below. |
| Opaque or Nontransparent | Areas of a layer are solid and obscure lower layers. |
| Composite images; Montage | Graphic designer use layers and clones along with other tools to create composite images that combine or merge multiple images and drawings to create a new image, also referred to as a montage. |
| Composite techniques | When basic kinds of photographic techniques cannot be achieved, graphic artists use composition techniques to layer images and actions, add additional images and control their placement, blending and special effects/ |
| Masks | Another way to edit layers. Used to conceal or reveal part of a layer. Also protects areas of a layer from inadvertent editing. |
| Nondestructive | All of the layering techniques are nondestructive, which means that no pixels are changed in the process, the effect is applied over the image or layer to create the change. |
| Clone | When an image duplication is required and layering a new copy does not achieve the required effect, some graphic artists clone, or reproduce, and image by painting a copy into the scene. |
| Photomontage, a Composite or Composite Image | A composite, or composite image, is one that is created by combining multiple photograps or images to display in a single combined file. Graphic artists use the newer term, photomontage, to refer to both the process and the result of creating a composite from photos. |
| Background layer | Images in a flat, single layer used as a background. |
| Layers panel | The panel which lists all the layers, groups, and layer effects in a image. |
| Panel Options Command | Accessible from the Layers panel menu, allows you to change the view and size of the thumbnail realated to each layer. |
| Thumbnail | A small visual preview of the layer on the Layers panel. |
| Stacking Order | When you add a layer to an image, a new layer is created above, or on top of, the currently selected layer, creating a stacking order. |
| Layer via Cut Command | Used to create anew layer by cutting from the Background layer or cutting from another layer. |
| Arrange | Photoshop offers more than 25 different ways to arrange document windows, which are accessible from a list that appears when you click the Arrange Documents button on the Application bar. |
| Consolidate | When you are done viewing multiple document windows int he workspace, you can consolidate, or view only one window at a time, using the Arrange Documents button, or by right-clicking the document tab. |
| Magic Eraser Tool | Erases all similarly colored pixels with one click. |
| Background Eraser tool | Erases the background while maintaining the edges of an object in the foreground, based on a set color that you choose for the background. |
| Hot Spot | The Background Eraser samples the color in the center of the mouse pointer, called the hot spot. |
| Layer Mask | Resolution-dependent bitmap images that are created with the painting or selection tools. |
| Vector Mask | Resolution independent bitmap images and are created with a pen or shape tool. |
| Grayscale image | Means that each pixel in the mask is represented by a single color on a scale from black to white. To create a mask, you pait over the layer with black. If you change your mind and want to unmask, you paint with white. |
| Masks Panel | Provides additional controls to adjust a layer mask. |
| Selection Layer Mask | When creating a selection layer mask, instead of painting the layer mask, the selection border dictates the transparent portion of the layer. |
| Fine-Tuning Layers | Sometimes layers need special adjustments in order to fit into their new surroundings in the document window. |
| Tonal Adjustments | Fine-tuning that affect the range of color, lighting, opacity, level, or fill. |
| Style Adjustments | Fine-tuning such as special effects or blends |
| Filter Adjustments | Fine-tuning that let you apply predetermined pictures, tiles, or patterns. |
| Adjustment Layer | A new layer added to the image to affect a large-scale tonal change. |
| Fill Box | The Fill Box changes the fill of a layer's opacity as well, but FILL only changes the pixels in the layer rather than changing any applied layer styles or blending modes. |
| Blending modes | Define how an object interacts with other objects, such as the Background layer. |
| Adjustments Panel | Other tools that nondestructively adjust image lighting and shading are located on the Adjustments panel. |
| Clip | An asjustment tool that applies the adjustments to a layer rather than the entire image. |
| Lvel Adjustment | One way to make tonal changes to shadows, midtones, and highlights. |
| Shadow | A darkened shade in an image. |
| Midtone or Gamma | The midpoint gray between shadows and highlights. |
| Highlight | Portion of an image that is strongly illuminated and may appear as the lightest or whitest part of the image. |
| Histogram | Frequency distribution bar chart. It indicates the amount of color in the tonal ranges. |
| Hue | Shade of a color in an image. |
| Saturation | Intensity of a hue and is highly dependent upon the chosen color model; but in general, paster have low saturation, and bright colors are highly saturated. |
| Brightness | Refers to color luminance or intensity of a light source. |
| Contrast | The difference between the lightest and darkest tones in an image, involving mainly the midtones. |
| Render Filters | Among the more than 100 filters that come installed with Photoshop, the render filters create specialized patterns. |
| Clone Stamp | Tool that reproduces portions of an image, changing the pixels in a specific area. |
| Sample image | After clicking the Clone Stamp Tool button on the Tools panel, you press and hold ALT while clicking the portion of the picture that you wish to copy. Photoshop takes a sample of the image, remembering where you clicked. |
| Clone Source Panel | Displayed by clicking Clone Source on the Window menu. The panel has options to rotate or scale the sample, or specify the size and orientation. |
| Pattern | On the Clone Stamp tool context menu, a second kind of stamp, the Pattern Stamp tool, allows you to paint with a pattern chosen from Photoshop's pattern library. A pattern is an image that is repeated, or tiled, when you use it to fill a layer or selection. |
| Pattern Picker Box and Pattern Picker box arrow | On the Pattern Stamp options bar, a Pattern Picker box arrow displays installed patterns. |
| Flatten | When you flatten a composite image, Photoshop reduces the file size by merging all visible layers into the background, discarding hidden layers, and applying masks. |
| TIF or TIFF | Stands for Tagged Image File Format and is a common file format for images acquired from scanners and screen capture programs. It is a flexible raster image format. |
| Raster image | A digital image represented by a matrix of pixels. |
