| A | B |
|---|
| Charles Grandison Finney | revivalist preacher of the Second Great Awakening |
| Second Great Awakening | revivalist movement that swept the United States after 1790 |
| revival | emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through impassioned preaching and prayer |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | New England writer who helped start the transcendentalist movement |
| Henry David Thoreau | transcendentalist writer who wrote Walden |
| transcendentalism | philisophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and emphasized the individual, stressed personal freedom and self-relilance |
| civil disobedience | the idea that unjust laws must be disobeyed; Thoreau was a big advocate of this |
| utopian communties | experimental groups that tried to create a utopia or "perfect place" |
| Shakers | pacifists who lived communally and that women and men are equals |
| Brook Farm | utopian community founded by George Brook |
| Dorothea Dix | worked for reforms to make life better for the mentally ill |
| abolition | the call to outlaw slavery |
| William Lloyd Garrison | publisher of the Liberator newspaper, advoacate for immediate abolition |
| emancipation | freeing of slaves |
| David Walker | author of "Appeal to a Colored Citizen of the World", advised blacks to fight for their freedom rather than wait on white slaveowners to abolish it |
| Fredrick Douglass | escaped slave who became an eloquent advocate of abolition |
| Liberator | abolitionist newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison |
| Nat Turner | led a violent and bloody slave uprising in Virginia in 1831 |
| Virginia Debate | debate over whether slavery should be gradually abolished |
| antebellum | before the Civil War |
| gag rule | rule limiting or preventing debate on slavery |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | anti-slavery advocate and women's rights advocate, attended the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 |
| Lucretia Mott | women's rights advocate, attended the Seneca Falls Convention |
| Seneca Falls Convention | the first women's rights convention held in 1848 |
| Sara and Angelika Grimke | daughters of a SC slaveholder who advocated abolition |
| temperance movement | effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol |
| Sojourner Truth | born a slave in New York, she became an ardent advocate for abolition |
| cottage industry | system in which manufacturers provide materials for goods to be produced at home |
| master | the highest level of skilled artisan |
| journeyman | a skilled worker employed by a master |
| apprentice | young worker learning his craft |
| Lowell Mill strike | first big strike in American history |
| National Trades Union | earliest attempt to organize workers |
