| A | B |
|---|
| Albrecht Durer | German Northern Renaissance artist who painted self portraits and did Christian themed engravings |
| Francis I (Valois) | Valois King of France who fought wars against Habsburgs in 1500's |
| Christian Humanism | northern European movement that synthesized Greek/Roman culture with Biblical values |
| Erasmus | Dutch Christian Humanist author of Praise of Folly, critic of Catholic Church |
| Thomas More | English Christian Humanist and author of Utopia |
| serfdom | institution that bound peasants to land on which they lived, allowed nobles to control peasants |
| convent | where Catholic nuns live |
| nun | female order of clergy, women "married" the church |
| 1453 | year Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople, ending Byzantine Empire and sparking Renaissance when Greek scholars fled to Italy |
| 1492 | Columbus' first voyage, expulsion of Jews from Spain, end of Reconquista |
| Renaissance | cultural, artistic, and literary movement that began in Italian Renaissance, centered on revival of Greek and Roman culture |
| humanism | literary and educational movement inspired by Greco-Roman culture in Renaissance |
| classicism | Renaissance value of Greco-Roman culture |
| Medici Family | merchant/banking family that ruled Florence during Renaissance, patrons of art and humanism |
| Lorenzo (the Magnificent) de Medici | patriarch of family that took control of Florence |
| Donatello | Renaissance sculptor who sculpted bronze nude David |
| Florence | Italian city-state that was birthplace of Renaissance |
| Raphael | School of Athens |
| Botticelli | Birth of Venus |
| Castiglione | author of The Courtier, book on Renaissance court manners |
| Machiavelli | author of The Prince |
| Michelangelo | sculpted marble David, the Pieta, painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel, designed St. Peter's Dome |
| Petrarch | early Renaissance writer, "father of humanism", wrote sonnets |
| Neo-Platonism | Renaissance movement to revive interest in ancient Greek Plato's philosophies |
| Gutenberg | movable type printing press |
| Henry VII | founder of Tudor dynasty in England, Renaissance monarch |
| Wars of Roses | civil war in England between Lancasters and Yorks, led to establishment of Tudor dynasty |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | marriage unified Spain, patronized Columbus, completed Reconquista, used Inquisition to target Muslims and Jews in Spain |
| Louis XI of France | king of France during Renaissance |
| Gallican Church | another name for French Catholic Church |
| Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror | ruler of Ottomans who conquered Constantinople |
| Jan van Eyck | Northern Renaissance painter who painted Arnolfini wedding portrait |
| Northern Humanism | Christian humanism of France, England, Netherlands, German states |
| feudalism | medieval political system based on relationship between nobles and king |
| Black Death | 1347-51 outbreak of plague that killed half of Europe |
| Prince Henry the Navigator | founded school for sailors and explorers in Portugal during Renaissance |
| Bartholomew Dias | Portuguese explorer who reached Cape of Good Hope South Africa |
| Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorere who sailed round Africa to India |
| Colombian Exchange | trade of crops and diseases that occured due to voyages of Exploration and Discovery |
| Christopher Columbus | sailed west for Spain, led to creation of Spanish American empire |
| Hernan Cortes | conquistador who conquered Aztecs for Spain |
| Francisco Pizarro | conquered Inca for Spain |
| subsistence economy | economic system based on small scale agriculture, grow enough to survive, not trade |
| cottage industry | method of production where manufacturing of cloth goods is outsourced to peasant households |
| guilds | Union of craftsmen in common trade |
